Chapter 8 American Nationalism

War of 1812: *helps manufacturing *hurts shipping and banking 1811 exports: $112 million 1814 $ 11 million

Banking: Charter for Bank of US expired 1811-not renewed *no way to borrow for war *state banks start to issue notes-not enough gold to back them up

2nd Bank of the US – 1816 Like the original except stronger, with more capital

Manufacturing: No trade with England means it is necessary to get goods somehow New factories fill the void

Textile Industry 1807-15 cotton spindles from 8,000 to 130,000

Francis Cabot Lowell

When war ends British “dump” goods to get back their share of the market

Internal Improvements

Strict Constitutionalists say NO Should the Federal Government pay for Internal Improvements? Strict Constitutionalists say NO

National Road Cumberland, Maryland To Wheeling,Virginia

National Road

Jefferson uses money from Ohio land sales Later Madison will veto a bill for improvements . . . Feels it is unconstitutional

Westward Movement 1800 – 1820 5.3 to 9.6 m. 1810 1 of 7 west of Appalachians 1820 1 of 4

NEW STATES Indiana 1816 Mississippi 1817 Illinois 1818 Alabama 1819

Some move to far West for profit John Jacob Astor- American Fur Company in Astoria, Oregon

ERA OF GOOD FEELING

1816 ELECTION James Monroe 183 Rufus King 34

Last Federalist candidate for President Rufus King Last Federalist candidate for President

Federalists are dead as a national party There are: *no political opposition *no foreign threats RIP Federalists

Monroe wants to bring harmony to country Cabinet a mix of North & South

Selects John Quincy Adams as Sec. Of State Calhoun is Sec. of War Selects John Quincy Adams as Sec. Of State Former Sec of State: Jefferson, Madison, Monroe

In 1820 Monroe runs against:

Adams wants Florida Jackson still down South with troops Calhoun says “adopt all necessary measures” to stop Indian raids

Andy captures St. Marks and Pensacola Adams tells Spain US has right to stop Indians if Spain won’t Implies Andy could do more

ADAMS-ONIS TREATY *1819 *Spain gives up Florida *Spain gives up claim on Pacific Northwest *US gives up claim on Texas

PANIC OF 1819

CAUSES *Demand for American goods *Land boom in West *Land prices rise *Easy credit

New Management at Bank of. US. - tightens credit. -calls in loans *New Management at Bank of US - tightens credit -calls in loans -payment in cash *Banks that can’t pay - fail

Panic lasts for 6 years Many blame the Bank of the US for the Panic

Missouri Compromise

States Balanced 11 11

Why is this important politically? Need to stay even in Senate

Population larger in the North by over ½ a million = more representatives in the House

1819 Missouri applies for statehood 60,000 people 10,000 are slaves

Many anti-slavery people in North are Federalists looking for an issue to jump start the party Some D-R’s from North tired of ‘Southern Rule’

Both Northern free labor & Southern plantation system see the importance of the West for their survival

Maine also wants to come in as a state South won’t allow it if Missouri is left out

Line made at 36° 30’ North free South Slave

Marshall Court defines American legal system

Marshall-Chief Justice 1801-1835 He believes in: *Strong Judicial Branch *Federal power over the states *Interest of business

Dartmouth College v. Woodward * Limits states ability to control corporations *Overrode state court -sets precedent

McCulloch v. Maryland *Can’t tax Federal government *NECESSARY AND PROPER CLAUSE - Article I sec. 8 *Bank is constitutional

WORCHESTER v. GEORGIA *Defines place of American Indian *Indians sovereign entities

Foreign Policy Spain grows weak Revolutions in Central & South America US says it is neutral Sells supplies to rebels

1822 Pres. Monroe recognizes:. Mexico, Peru, Chile, *1822 Pres. Monroe recognizes: Mexico, Peru, Chile, Columbia, Argentina

1823 MONROE DOCTRINE American continents not to be considered for further colonization for any European power

ELECTION OF 1824 *William Crawford *John Q. Adams *Henry Clay *Andrew Jackson

Election Results Jackson 99 Adams 84 Crawford 41 Clay 37

CORRUPT BARGAIN

John Quincy Adams *Ambassador to Prussia and Russia *Negotiates the Treaty of Ghent *Senator from Massachusetts *Secretary of State

Tariff of Abominations *New England-tariff on textiles *West wants tariff on their goods * South mad!!!

Adams Jackson National Democratic Republicans Republicans Election of 1828 Adams Jackson National Democratic Republicans Republicans

Results Jackson: 178 Adams: 83