Noninfectious Diseases and Disabilities Chapter 31

Table of Contents Lesson 1: Cardiovascular Diseases Lesson 2: Cancer Lesson 3: Other Noninfectious Diseases

Lesson 1: Lifestyle Diseases Cardiovascular Disease

Health Terms (Vocabulary) Noninfectious Disease Cardiovascular Disease Hypertension Arteriosclerosis Angina Pectoris Fibrillation Congestive Heart Failure Stroke

What is Cardiovascular Disease? ·   Cardiovascular diseases are medical disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels.    -  Number one killer of adults ·      - 1 in every 4 adults displays symptoms of CV disease ·      -  Many people die from CV disease long before they reach the age of retirement.

Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Heredity Ethnicity Gender Age Environment

Types of Cardiovascular Disease Atherosclerosis: Hardening of the arteries caused by plaque Plaque: mounds of fat and cholesterol, mixed with minerals Overtime, plaque builds up and arteries harden and become narrower Makes it difficult for blood to be pumped through High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Plaque causes arteries to loose elasticity Heart has to pump harder to squeeze blood through, so pressure rises Major cause of CV disease. Hypertension is greater than 130/80  

Types of Cardiovascular Disease Heart Attack: Blood vessels around the heart become totally blocked. This leads to tissue death Stroke: Same principle as HA, but vessels leading to brain get blocked. Angina: Pain in chest cavity caused by lack of O2 getting to heart

Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Adopting healthful habits now, while you are young, can help prevent your risk of heart disease in the future. Practice the following: Avoid the use of tobacco products, alcohol, and drugs. Eat healthy and have the right eating plan. Maintain a healthy weight. Limit your intake of salty foods. Do plenty of exercise and physical activity Manage your stress levels.

Review What are five uncontrollable risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease? Use the term hypertension, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, and angina pectoris in a paragraph the discusses the progression of heart disease. List three techniques or procedures for treating heart disease. Why do you think the noninfectious diseases have replaced the infectious diseases as the leading causes of death?

Lesson 2: Cancer

Health Terms (Vocabulary Cancers Tumors Benign Malignant Metastasis Carcinogens Melanoma Biopsy Chemotherapy

What is Cancer? A disease in which abnormal cells multiply out of control They spread into surrounding tissues Disrupt normal functioning of one or more organs

Tumors All cancers are tumors, masses of tissue, but not all tumors are cancers. Some tumors are benign, which are noncancerous. Other tumors are malignant, which are cancerous. Cancerous cells can break of the malignant tumors and travel to another part of the body. This spread of cancer from the point where it originated to other parts of the body is known as metastasis.

Types of Cancer Body-Site Type Organs Most Often Affected Occurrence Skin Cancer Skin Most common in U.S.A. Digestive System Colon and Rectum Most common in U.S. next to skin. Respiratory System Larynx and Lungs Mainly occurs in men: increase of lung cancer in women. Breast Breast Mostly women Reproductive System Prostate Gland, Cervix Ovaries, and Uterus Blood and Lymph System Bone Marrow and Lymph Occurs in men and women

Risk Factors 1. Smoking 1/3 of all cancer deaths are a result of smoking 80% of lung cancer deaths are a result of smoking 2. Emphysema: Small air sacs in lung burst and form larger, rigid ones 3. Radiation: Over exposure to UV rays can cause skin cancer

Reducing Risks of Cancer Be physically active Achieve and maintain a healthful diet Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains Reduce the amount of fat in foods you eat Limit you time in the sun. Use sunscreen Avoid using all forms of tobacco and alcohol Know your body and recognize the warning signs of cancer

Review What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor? Why is early diagnosis and treatment of cancer so important? What are seven things you can do to reduce the risk of cancer? Is there such thing as safe tanning? Which is safer, tanning in a tanning bed or out in the sun?

Other Noninfectious Diseases Lesson 3: Other Noninfectious Diseases

Diabetes A disease characterized by build up of blood sugar in the body   If left untreated, diabetes may cause heart damage kidney damage blindness 1 in every four people in the US has someone in their family with diabetes

Types of Diabetes Type I: child onset inability from birth to produce insulin Type II: adult onset lifestyle choices lead to the disease

Type II Diabetes Causes of Type II are due to lifestyle choices Diet high simple sugars   low fiber high fat, cholesterol Exercise body is not responsive to insulin exercise burns sugar

Arthritis Arthritis covers at least 100 different conditions that cause aching, pain, and swelling in joints and connective tissue throughout the body. The two common types of arthritis are rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. These are autoimmune diseases conditions in which the bodies immune system turns on itself.

Rheumatoid Arthritis This is the most serious type of arthritis. R.A. is mainly a destructive and disabling inflammation of the joints. R.A. can also attack connective tissue, causing symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph glands. Treatment depends on the physician and may include anti-inflammatory medicines.

Osteoarthritis A disease that affects primarily the weight-bearing joints of the knees and hips, causing aches and soreness especially when moving. The cartilage becomes pitted and frayed. In time, osteoarthritis may wear away cartilage completely. Treatment includes exercise, weight control, eating a balanced assortment of foods, and pain medications.

Review What is a sure sign that a person has diabetes? What are the early signs of arthritis? How is arthritis treated? Explain why type 2 diabetes is considered a lifestyle disease for most people. Compare rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.