431 BC- 404 BC Peloponnesian War

Thucydides Father of scientific history because of standards for evidence collecting History of the Peloponnesian War

Causes of the Peloponnesian War Overconfident Both sides believed they held advantages (Athens at sea, Sparta on land) over the other and would win, so they moved towards war.

Economics Reasons Athens stopped Corinth (Sparta’s ally) from taking over another city-state. laid siege to a colony of Corinth. Athens slapped Megara with trade sanctions (they could not trade with any allies of Athens – a death blow to their economy. Corinth and Megara convinced Sparta to go to war with Athens.

Causes Athens formed the Delian League – an alliance of city-states that pooled their money together to help each other in times of emergency or attack. Athens eventually dominated the Delian League and used the money for their own purposes. Some revolted against Athens

Power struggle Athens treated Delian League city states as if they were their empire, used League funds for projects in the city of Athens (statues, etc.) Sparta feared Athens was getting too powerful. So they Formed the Peloponnesian League.

Sparta’s response Sparta resented Athenian domination and misuse of league funds. It then formed its own league. Many of its allies broke away from the Delian League and joined Sparta’s league which was called the Peloponnesian league. Its purpose was to defend Sparta and league members against aggressors, including other city states.

The Greek city states paid Athens as members of the Delian League The Greek city states paid Athens as members of the Delian League. Their dues was to be used for strengthening the Athenian navy which had been so effective in defeating Persia during the Persian wars. But, the Athenian assembly used much of the money to rebuild the city of Athens. Temples, including the Parthenon and beautiful sculptures were built using expensive materials.

As hostilities grew, Athens enjoyed a golden period in which art and culture flourished. School of Athens

The dramas of Aeschylus and Sophocles became popular forms of entertainment performed in outdoor amphitheaters. Tragedies and comedies were regularly performed. Odeon-of-Herodes-Atticus-amphitheater.

Sculptures and columns were built to beautify the city of Athens. What the acropolis probably looked like during the golden age.

Which is which? Doric Ionic Corinthian National Archives Building Washington, DC

Scientists and Mathematicians made great discoveries during this time period.

SPA Philosophers also made great strides in their quest for knowledge. Socrates Plato Aristotle SPA The philosophies of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle became a foundation for Western thought.

The Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues began to fight for control of the Greek world which led to the Peloponnesian War.

Athens strategy Naval power Surround Sparta by sea Prevent food and supplies from reaching Peloponnesian League

Sparta Strategy Sparta had a strong army Mr. Dixon Sparta had a strong army Surround Athens and prevent it from raising food around the city Did not have a navy until the end of the War

Peloponnesian War - The Athenian attempt to dominate over the city- states would lead to the Spartans leading opposing city-states against the Athenians. - Athenians would avoid fighting on land by crowding behind the large walls of Athens. - The Athenians would end up losing a quarter of their population to a plague which killed Pericles himself. - The war would last another 10 years and a peace treaty would be made to last another 50.

Plague Athens was severely weakened when a plague broke out It killed almost 1/3 of the population including Pericles, Athens’ able leader

Syracuse Expedition The Athenians made a huge mistake in 416 BC, they invaded Sicily to conquer Sparta’s ally, Syracuse. They hoped to destroy the Spartan’s food supply They were surrounded and annihilated

The war ends The Spartans finally conquered Athens in 404 Athens had to give up its navy and empire Athens had to follow Spartan foreign policy

Effects of the Peloponnesian Wars Both Athens and Sparta were weakened, which led to Macedonian conquest. Ended the reign of Athenian greatness. Corruption replaced good citizenship People lost faith in democracy. Macedonia becomes the next great power.