Why did it take England so long to finally cont Why did it take England so long to finally cont. the exploration of North America? Explain the significance of the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Importance of Queen Elizabeth I.

England heads to North America Focus: Virginia

England emerges as world power Strong monarch with constitution United religiously (Protestant) Sense of nationalism….Why? New literature (Shakespeare) Dominant the Seas…navy 300yrs

Push factors to colonize… England’s population increasing. ..Why? New policy enclosure Fence in land for farming Hurts poor (less/no land farm off of) Increase unemployment Tradition of primogeniture 1st born inherits ALL of daddy’s land Umm...#2?...#3?...#4?....NO LAND FOR U!! Go to America!?!?!?!

Roanoke Colony “the lost colony” 1587 Sir Walter Raleigh sent out new expedition (100 settlers) mainly families John White governor friends with Manteo tribe 1st attempt to colonize in North America by the English

1606 King James I cont. exploration Gives VA company a charter (permission to settle in the New World) Set up joint stock companies A group of investors pool their $$$ hoping to make a profit off any newly founded colonies ALL ABOUT $$$$$

Jamestown…May 1607 1st permanent English Colony in N.A.

Jamestown Colonists at Jamestown faced many struggles Location low swampy mosquito infested area…malaria Landed inside of the Powhatan Confederacy Most did not want to work - interested in getting rich **employees of the Virginia Company **supposed to direct their labors toward the production of profits for the investors Disease and starvation were widespread John Smith – Important leader during Starving Time 2

Capt. John Smith 1608 took control and whipped the colonists into shape Helped trade food w/Indians, built houses, explored the area Imposed military discipline “no work no food” By Jan 1608 only 38 original settlers still alive Later captured by Powhatan tribe but saved by Pocahontas Helped keep peace b/w the settlers and tribe

Winter 1609-1610 Aka “starving time” Disease and hunger ravaged Jamestown. Two desperate colonists were tied to posts and left to starve as punishment for raiding the colonies' stores. One colonist even took to cannibalism, eating his own wife. About 100 colonists survive out of 500

Colony begins to prosper…..

TOBACCO $$$$$$$ 1612 John Rolfe planted the 1st “cash crop” TOBACCO for the colony Huge hit in England and saves the colony Jamestown colony now very profitable Later Rolfe and Pocahontas marry Gave peace b/w the colonists and Powhatan tribe Unfortunately Pocahontas dies and the next 20yrs Powhatan tribe and settlers constantly fighting…

Time to harvest the tobacco…. Who’s going to do it??

Indentured servants Worked under contract for 5-7 yrs Employer provided food, shelter, and passage to America Time up: received a suit of clothes, tools or land Eventually make up a large portion of VA population

Later replaced by Africans Headright system VA company offered 50 acres of land to every person who paid his own passage OR 50 acres of land to any plantation owner who paid passage for someone else Later replaced by Africans 1619 Dutch ship land in Jamestown with 20 Africans Originally treated as indentured servants but overtime became views as property

Road to self gov’t Colonists being to rule themselves (locally) Create House of Burgess July 1619 1st law making representative assembly in America Only white male landowners could be chosen Could increase taxes, make laws

Bacon’s Rebellion More colonists will move westward causing clashes with Native Americans Ppl moving west and ppl on coast have two different opinions about N.A West: most likely poor indentured servants who want to expand west on land reserved for Native Americans East (coast): wealthy upper class who are trading with Native Americans for fur…don’t want to upset them Governor Berkeley favored the positive relations with Native Americans and demanded the colonists to do so as well

Nathaniel Bacon tobacco planter on the frontier (aristocrat) Launch an attack on Jamestown in 1676 Army bunch of indentured servants Able to get control of Jamestown Bacon get sick and die and rebellion collapse Effects Jamestown burned down House of Burgess open more land in the frontier to settlers Colonists rely more on slave labor than indentured servants (fear of uprising)

Review Larger population Cash crop: tobacco Colony created to make $$$ Issues with Powhatan federation (how solved) Beg. Self gov’t rule: House of Burgess Labor source: Indentured servants then slavery Bacon’s Rebellion leads to slavery