Medical Imaging.

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Presentation transcript:

Medical Imaging

Radiograph (X-ray) X-rays are a form of energy (photons) that are able to pass through some objects (soft tissue) and not others (denser) Radiographs are two dimensional images (negatives) which have been exposed to X-rays. Problems- structures overlap, subtle differences in tissue difficult to distinguish

Family Photo!

Computed Tomography (CT) X-ray beam moves in arc around body giving a cross sectional view Images stacked to produce 3 dimensional picture- can be rotated (plan surgery) Quick and painless- replaces exploratory surgery Detailed images Good for tumors, aneurysms, kidney stones, gallstones, infections, tissue damage, and deformities

Baby Mammoth’s Cause Of Death Determined By CT Scan

CAT scan??

Angiography Catheter placed into artery (femoral, brachial, axillary usually) Radioactive dye injected X-ray image taken before and after (DSA) Shows flow through vessels

Urethrogram

Uses a gamma camera to take a picture Bone Scan Radioactive elements injected into body to show increased bone activity Uses a gamma camera to take a picture

Barium GI scan

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan Uses radioactive positrons (positively charged particles) to detect subtle changes in the body's metabolism and chemical activities Provides a color-coded image of the body's function — rather than its structure — in a particular area A positron-producing radioisotope called a tracer is either injected into a vein or inhaled as a gas- emits positrons, which collide with electrons, producing gamma rays

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) scan Capable of providing information about blood flow to tissue Sensitive diagnostic tool used to detect stress fracture, spondylosis, infection, and tumor Radionuclide injected intravenously- tissues absorb radionuclide as circulated in the blood- camera rotates around the patient- picks up photons- information transferred to a computer- converts the data onto film

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Measures response of protons to pulse of radio waves while magnetized Produces colored 2 or 3 dimensional blueprint Cannot be used with pacemaker, metal joints, or pregnant women Non evasive- employs harmless radiation Used for tumors, artery clogging plaques, mental disorders, brain changes, metabolism studies link

“If I Only Had a Brain” link

Sound waves used to create a picture using echoes Safe for all Sonogram Sound waves used to create a picture using echoes Safe for all Not good for air-filled structures or structures surrounded by bone

New Infrared Imaging (with inserted nanotubes) link