Post-War Uncertainty

Inter-War Period Standard: Be able to identify the major political and economic factors that shaped world societies between World War I and World War II. Essential Question: What were the major political and economic factors that shaped world societies between World War I and World War II?

Social Revolution Element: Examine the influence of Albert Einstein on science, Sigmund Freud on social thinking and Pablo Picasso on art Vocabulary: Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, Pablo Picasso

Stop and Think! Why do you think the time period following World War I would be called the “Inter War Period”? Why do you think the time period following World War I would be called the “Age of Uncertainty”? Turn to your elbow partner. The person with the first name that come first alphabetically answer the first question. The other partner answer the second. Share your answers. Be prepared to explain YOUR PARTNER’S answer to the class during discussion!

Post World War I Europe After the War? Major issues What were the Economically Europe was Unstable Most of Were Weak Democracies European United States Crippled the Depression The Great

The Great Depression October 1929 U.S. economy collapsed many of the Nations were already struggling and relied on U.S. loans and investments including Germany and Austria

The Weimar Republic new democratic government in Germany after World War I extremely weak not a democratic tradition in Germany many people blamed the government for German humiliation unable to control the unstable economy German money was used for toys and kindling

Physics Old Belief: before 1914 Enlightenment ideals of reason, science, and progress remained important to Europeans based on Newton’s belief = everything ran like a machine, orderly fashion through known laws

Physics Albert Einstein: German-born physicist in 1905 theory of relativity = stated that space and time are not absolute but are relative to the observer matter and energy reflect the relativity of space and time

Physics Influence on Science: matter believed to be energy an idea that led to understanding the energies within atoms and to the Atomic Age took the certainty out of the mechanical, Newtonian universe, showed that all phenomena could not be completely defined and predicted

Physics Uncertainty Principle: In 1927 by the German physicist Werner Heisenberg the behavior of subatomic particles was not predictable suggests that all physical laws are based on uncertainty, or randomness

Psychology Sigmund Freud: turn of the century a doctor from Vienna proposed groundbreaking theories about the human mind and human nature

Psychology Sigmund Freud: human behavior strongly influenced by past experiences and internal forces that people are not aware of painful experiences repressed and then they influenced people’s actions without their knowledge Repression began in childhood

be opaque to his patients and, like a mirror, should show them "The doctor should be opaque to his patients and, like a mirror, should show them nothing but what is shown to him." "Dreams are often most profound when they seem the most crazy." "Men are more moral than they think and far more immoral than they can imagine."

Psychology Psychoanalysis: a method to help rid people of these repressed unconscious forces Patient and therapist probe deep into the patient’s psyche through free association, talking, and dream analysis to go back to childhood and confront the painful experiences to unlock the repression

Psychology Psychoanalysis: goal = the patient’s gaining control of the painful experience and being released from the unconscious control of the repression led to healing

Psychology Influence on Social Thinking: gave us such concepts as the unconscious and repression led to a major new profession—psychological therapy added to the uncertainty of the era

Art Photography: George Eastman created his first Kodak camera in 1888 accurately depicted the world anyone could capture reality

"Some painters transform the yellow spot into the sun." sun into a yellow spot, others transform a yellow spot into the sun."

Art Pablo Picasso: Spaniard began his career by 1905 created a new style, called cubism used geometric designs to recreate reality painted objects from many different views at once

but a lifetime to paint like a child." "It took me four years to paint like Raphael, but a lifetime to paint like a child."

Art Influence on Art: Artists came to see their strength was in creating reality, not mirroring it as the camera did found meaning in individual consciousness created modern art

"I paint objects as I think them, not as I see them."

"Art is a lie that makes us realize truth."