Misunderstanding the History of Israel Rod Macdonald

How Societies Organize Kinship: Age, blood relations, clan, tribe, similar to Monarchy Theocracy: Specific theologies, closeness to G-d Democracy: Franchised members, equality, committees, voting Oligarchy: Rule by powerful and rich elites with patronage and favor Model from “Systems Leadership” Dr. I Macdonald http://www.maconsultancy.com

Early Times – The creation of the name Palestine 1000 – 586 BCE First Jewish Kingdom 538 – 63 BCE Second Jewish Kingdom 63 BCE The creation of the Roman province of Syria 40 BCE Romans appoint son of first Roman Procurator, Antipas’ son “King of the Jews”, eliminating last of the Hasmonean dynasty, ruling Roman province of Judea (plus the old lands of Samaria and Idumea). Multiple Herods two dismissed by the Romans 6 CE Roman province of Judea comes under direct Roman administration. Start of Jewish-Roman wars (66-73 CE) 70 CE Romans destroy The Second Temple kill and expel thousands of Jews 135 CE After Bar Kokhba’s revolt Hadrian changed name of the province of Judea to Syria Palaestina and Jerusalem to Aelia Capitolina

1099 - 1291 CE Christian Crusaders 636 - 1099 CE Muslim Arabs 1099 - 1291 CE Christian Crusaders 1187 – Saladin’s victory over Crusaders 1291 - 1516 CE the Mamluks 1516 – 1917 CE the Ottoman Empire 1917 – 1948 CE the British Mandate Maps Israel Ministry of Foreign Affaires

The Middle East - 1914

Sykes-Picot Agreement (Following Sykes-Picot-Sazonov Treaty 1916)

Balfour Declaration November 2, 1917 1897 – Zionists National movement under Dr. Herzl 1914 Zionist support allied cause. Jewish legion fought with Great Britain Chaim Weizmann, a renowned chemist, who would be come Israel’s first President, helps Great Britain build their munitions industry. Sister Minna Nov 2, 1917, area allocated Jewish National Homeland by British Government incorporated in Versailles Treaty 1919 and agreed by the new League of Nations who gave the British a Mandate This area was referred to as Palestine. It covers just half of one percent of the Middle East Jews start immigrating during 1920s & 30s met with fierce Arab resistance Maps Israel Ministry of Foreign Affaires

Two State Solution: 1923 Under pressure from Arabs (the British needed Arab oil) Britain imposes quotas for immigration at 75,000 per year and reduced the original mandate by 75% allocating only 25% to Jewish National Homeland, called Palestine. The remainder was designated as Transjordan Jewish settlement was barred in Transjordan As the Arabs would not compromise or recognize any form of Jewish state the British handed the problem over to the the UN to find a solution in 1947 Maps Israel Ministry of Foreign Affaires

British Hand Problem over to the UN February, 1947 UNSCOP (Special Committee on Palestine), with delegates from 11 nations, recommended further partition of the proposed Jewish Homeland in UN Resolution 181 The Jews accepted this partition but no Arab or other Muslim country accepted it. UNR 181 was a recommendation that was not agreed or accepted; it has no legal standing Maps Israel Ministry of Foreign Affaires Maps Israel Ministry of Foreign Affaires

Armistice Line 1949 Green Line May 15, 1948 British rule ended. All neighboring Arab states invaded the one day old state of Israel in order to destroy it. Jordan and Egypt seized the land proposed for the new Arab state. Jordan formally annexing the West Bank on April 24, 1950 Under UN mediation a cease fire was declared. It was agreed this demarcation line would only be interim until replaced by permanent peace treaties This line became known as the “Green Line”. It was not recognized as a legal international border Iraq and Saudi Arabia whose forces took part in the war did not sign any agreement Maps Israel Ministry of Foreign Affaires

Armistice Line 1967 The same Arab states tried to destroy Israel again in 1967. Israel pre-empted the planned attack and seized the land previously taken by Jordan and Egypt as well as the Sinai Israel took the Golan Heights after Syria had prevented Israel from executing vital development projects in the area on water resources The West Bank became known as “occupied territory” even though it had been recovered from an occupier, Jordan, who had no legal rights to this land. A more appropriate legal term is “disputed territory” UN Security Council Resolution 242 did not demand a unilateral Israeli withdrawal, rather a negotiated solution September 1, 1967, Khartoum resolution from Arab states, no recognition, no peace, no negotiations Maps Israel Ministry of Foreign Affaires

Armistice Line 1973 Egypt and Syria carried out a surprise military attack on Israel on Yom Kippur in 1973 Israel fights back and crosses the Suez canal The peace process started between Israel and Egypt through two agreements. The Suez canal was opened to shipping and Egypt removed its blockade on the Red Sea 1978 Israel returns Sinai Peninsular, with oil, to Egypt in exchange for a peace agreement Maps Israel Ministry of Foreign Affaires

The Road to Peace October 26, 1994 Israel and Jordan sign a peace treaty normalizing relations between the two states Israel recognized a special historical role for Jordan in Jerusalem with regard to Islamic holy sites and institutions 2000 Israel offers independence to the Palestinians with all of Gaza and 95% of land in West Bank. Response is wave of suicide bombers August 15, 2005 Israel unilaterally withdraws from Gaza. Hamas engages in endless cross-border terror attacks and rocket fire at Israeli civilian targets resulting in three major defensive campaigns in Dec 2008-Jan 2009; Nov 14-21 2012 and July 8- Aug 26, 2014 to reduce the level of attacks Peace unlikely as long as most Palestinians and many other Muslims and Arabs do not recognize the right of the Jewish State of Israel to exist. In short, wants them dead Maps Israel Ministry of Foreign Affaires

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