Chapter 16 Terrorism and National Security

Chapter Objectives Define terrorism. Describe who terrorists are. Describe the various forms of terrorism. Identify notable terrorist incidents. continued on next slide

Chapter Objectives Explain the problem of international terrorism. Identify current threats of mass destruction. Explain the problem of domestic terrorism. Describe the tactics used to destabilize terrorist organizations.

Learning Objective 16.1 Define terrorism.

Terrorism

Terrorism Types of terrorism Domestic International

Describe who terrorists are. Learning Objective 16.2 Describe who terrorists are.

Terrorist Criteria Their goal is violence and the threat of violence. Their intent is to maximize the severity and length of the psychological impact. Political tactic used by activists when they believe that no other means will effect the kind of change they desire continued on next slide

Terrorist Criteria There is an intentional and specific selection of civilians as direct targets. Use of disguise so they can strike from vantage points in midst of noncombatants Illegitimacy or unlawfulness distinguishes government actions from other actions.

Describe the various forms of terrorism. Learning Objective 16.3 Describe the various forms of terrorism.

Forms of Terrorism Criminal Ideological Nationalistic State sponsored Revolutionary

Identify notable terrorist incidents. Learning Objective 16.4 Identify notable terrorist incidents.

Notable Terrorist Incidents September 11, 2001 World Trade Center and Pentagon October 23, 1983 Beirut, Lebanon bombings of U.S. and French Military barracks continued on next slide

Notable Terrorist Incidents February 1993 World Trade Center April 15, 2013 Boston Marathon April 19, 1995 Murrah Building, Oklahoma City

Explain the problem of international terrorism. Learning Objective 16.5 Explain the problem of international terrorism.

International Terrorism Islamic Post-bin Laden al-Qaeda affiliates

Identify current threats of mass destruction. Learning Objective 16.6 Identify current threats of mass destruction.

Four Categories of Weapons of Mass Destruction

Explain the problem of domestic terrorism. Learning Objective 16.7 Explain the problem of domestic terrorism.

Domestic Terrorism USA PATRIOT Act defines acts of domestic terrorism. Involve acts dangerous to human life in violation of criminal laws of the United States or any State continued on next slide

Domestic Terrorism USA PATRIOT Act defines acts of domestic terrorism. Appear to be intended to: Intimidate or coerce a civilian population Influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion Affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping continued on next slide

Domestic Terrorism USA PATRIOT Act defines acts of domestic terrorism. Occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States continued on next slide

Domestic Terrorism Homegrown terrorism Nationals of the respective country conduct the vast majority of typical nationalistic or politically motivated terrorist activity. continued on next slide

Domestic Terrorism Self-radicalization process Grievance Ideology Mobilization

Describe the tactics used to destabilize terrorist organizations. Learning Objective 16.8 Describe the tactics used to destabilize terrorist organizations.

Destabilizing Terrorist Organizations Financial Blocking accounts linked to terrorism Preventing transactions with those linked to terrorism Blocking assets of terrorists

Chapter Summary Terrorism is pervasive throughout the world and remains one of the most complex and difficult issues facing law enforcement in the twenty-first century. Terrorists have a deep-seated belief in the justice of their causes, and have little regard for their lives or the lives of others. continued on next slide

Chapter Summary There are five distinct forms of terrorism. There have been several notable terrorist incidents over the years. Experts in international terrorism point out that jihadism survives independent of any one organization an appears to be gaining strength around the world. continued on next slide

Chapter Summary The U.S. Department of State identifies four categories of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) that terrorists may seek to acquire and use in a WMD terrorist attack. According to the FBI, many confirmed or suspected terrorist acts in the United States were carried out by American citizens. continued on next slide

Chapter Summary Publicly designating terrorists, terrorist supporters, and facilitators and blocking their ability to receive and move funds through the world's financial system has been and is a crucial component in the fight against terrorism.