Warm-up: What is foreign policy? a policy pursued by a nation in its dealings with other nations, designed to achieve national objectives US Foreign Policy goals-- "to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community."

21st-Century United States Foreign Policy

Factors that shape Foreign Policy Domestic politics Most Americans are ill-informed Nation of immigrants Can’t appear weak Rise of Imperial President Bypass checks & balances Violates foundation of American government Resource wars oil Economics Multi-national corporations Economic power elite Military industrial complex Ideology Vision of national greatness—America’s mission Racial hierarchy Extremely anti-revolutionary Unilateralism—acting alone and independent

Policy up to 2000 Isolationism was practice throughout 19th and 20th century except during: War with Spain 1898 World War I World War II After WWII, the Cold War began and US foreign policy was containment: containing communism and not letting it spread At the end of the Cold War (1991), US foreign policy was all about nation building—until Sept. 11, 2001

U.S. Military Intervention in the 1990s – Nation Building 1992 Somalia-US troops to stop civil war but failed to stop it Many Americans favored economic support for foreign countries. Just as many feared lending military support to embattled nations. 1994 Haiti-US troops to stop civil turmoil But Clinton felt several conflicts demanded U.S intervention. 1995 Bosnia-US troops to stop ethnic cleansing of Muslims & Croats 5

Conflict in the Middle East increased in the 1990s. Fighting between the Israelis and Palestinians became more violent In 2000, Clinton brought Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat and Israeli leader Ehud Barak to Camp David to broker a peace agreement between them. It was not successful.

The U.S. itself became a target of Middle Eastern extremists. A terrorist group called al Qaeda exploded a bomb in the World Trade Center in New York City in 1993. The group also set off bombs killing more 225 people at American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. In 2000, they attacked the USS Cole, a warship anchored off Yemen, killing 17 American sailors. In 2001, al Qaeda terrorist attack on US soil, killing Almost 3000 people and wounding over 6000 more. American leaders learned that fighting terrorism would be extremely difficult. 7

Policy: War on Terror bin Laden formed al Qaeda to try and end American involvement in the Middle East Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda directly responsible for the 9-11 attack on World Trade Center towers in New York Taliban government supported al Qaeda & bin Laden in Afghanistan US overthrew Taliban and freed Afghanistan Bin Laden escapes in mountains and US pursues him and his al Qaeda forces in the region May 2011…bin Laden caught & killed

America’s Foreign Policy In the United States “national interests” Democracy Economics/Trade Big business profit---outsourcing 2010-advancing American interests Security of American people Growing U.S. economy Support for our values An international order that can address 21st-Century challenges

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