PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING ADAPTING TECHNOLOGY TO SOLVE ONE OF INDUSTRIES MAJOR PROBLEMS Presentation by Peter Marchant Product and Development Manager ITS PipeTech Pty Ltd PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

Rehabilitation of Asbestos Pipe Product and Development Manager PETER MARCHANT It is often said that when you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; Lord Kelvin: Physicist

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING ASBESTOS CEMENT PIPE Between the 1920’s and into the late 70’s AC pipe was seen as the answer to low cost drinking water network construction Thousands of Kilometre's have been installed across the world including Australia where over 60,000 Km's are known to exist PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING ABC NEWS FEATURE ARTICLE BY MATT PEACOCK DATED 28.3.16 PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING Why did the world choose asbestos cement? In its day it was seen as innovative: LIGHTWEIGHT CORROSION RESISTANCE STRENGTH EASY TO MAKE EASY TO HANDLE QUICK TO INSTALL COST EFFECTIVE 70 - 100 YEAR LIFE EXPECTATION PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING By Mid 1980’s awareness Pipe Expectancy not as originally envisaged Deterioration of joints and internal surfaces Asbestos particles in water SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL “TIME BOMB” PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING Why does AC Pipe Fail? Internal surface degradation – calcium leaching – structural breakdown External soil conditions – Acid Sulphate Erosion Loss of embedment – Pipe Movement and joint failure Transient operating pressures – Surge and Vacuum Poor Standards in original Manufacture Inappropriate pipe classification PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING Examples of failed AC Pipe Internal surface degradation – Structural breakdown External soil conditions – Structural Delamination PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING Examples of failed AC Pipe Internal surface degradation – Structural breakdown Gypsum Build Up Loss of structural pipe thickness Reduction in pipe internal diameter PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING RESEARCH IN AMERICA – SUGGESTED FAILURE RATES PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING OPTIONS AVAILABLE 1 3 2 Excavate and remove Burst and Replace Reline Insitu – Re-use the Asset Utilize existing assets to provide new clean structures to transport product Once the default now seen as too dangerous Simpler, less risk but leaves a Toxic legacy for others to deal with Least Desirable Effective but Residual Legacy Most Desirable PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING LINING TECHNIQUES 1 3 2 Independent loose Fitting Independent tight fit Interactive Not Suitable for lining AC pipe The liner is designed for all applicable loads independent of the host Semi structural / Structural liner relies on the host pipe to cover load without failing Not applicable Applicable suited to distribution Applicable suited to trunk PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

AWWA M28 STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION CLASS II CLASS III CLASS IV NON STRUCTURAL SEMI STRUCTURAL SEMI STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL Primary function is to protect The inner surface of the pipe from corrosion – Water Quality Close fit and interactive – Can span small holes and cracks but host takes majority of load Generally burst pressure is less than MAOP of host – Adherent property likely to tare on host failure Can survive catastrophic host failure PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING Rehabilitation of AC pipe requires either a Class III or Class IV lining. However if using a Class III then ring stiffness is a fundamental requirement if the lining is to withstand the normal operational requirements of a potable water network CLASS III CLASS IV SEMI STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL Generally burst pressure is less than MAOP of host – Adherent property likely to tare on host failure Can survive catastrophic host failure SURGE AND VACUUM PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING CLASS III LININGS Cementitious? Polymer? SIPP: Spray in Place Pipe Not all Suitable for AC PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING CLASS III LININGS SIPP: Sprain in Place Pipe Reliance on adhesion to host pipe Extensive pre-lining preparation & controls - cleaning - proving - swabbing - filtration of clean out – asbestos particles - drying – dew point monitoring - mix testing coupons Same day return to Service PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING CLASS III & IV LININGS Cipp cured in place pipe Composite with host Self supporting Not all compatible with potable water Some have hazardous by-products that are Environmentally hazardous PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

CLASS IV LININGS Long term stiffness > 10,000 N/mm² Structurally Independent requiring Adherence to host structure yet strong enough to resist tare and buckling No annular gap Fully structural lining Withstand surge & vacuum PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING Summary Technology is available to address these issues Understand the pipe condition Understand how the network operates and functions Undertake Precondition surveys Select the right technology Implement the right site controls Invest Wisely PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING Value “It's unwise to pay too much, but it's worse to pay too little. When you pay too much, you lose a little money - that's all. When you pay too little, you sometimes lose everything, because the thing you bought was incapable of doing the thing it was bought to do. The common law of business balance prohibits paying a little and getting a lot - it can't be done. If you deal with the lowest bidder, it is well to add something for the risk you run, and if you do that you will have enough to pay for something better.” John Ruskin 1819 - 1900 PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING