Color Me Read

Agenda Am I short, long or silent? Which part of speech am I? Blends versus Diagraphs Prefixes and suffixes in word analysis instruction Bonus – add color to math instruction

What about rules? If two vowels go walking (in an English word) the first vowel gets to do the talking (meaning the first vowel makes its long vowel sound and the second vowel is silent) – old saying According to Scholastic’s Phonics from A to Z: A practical guide by Wiley Blevins this rule is only accurate 45% of the time.

Say again… 45% of the two vowel combinations pronounce the long sound of the first vowel with the second vowel remaining silent Other two vowel combinations examples /ie/ in thief, piece, and brier /oi/ in foil and moist /oo/ in both good, book, and zoo /ou/ in would, rough, pout, and soup /au/ in taught /ea/ in wealth and head /ea/ in break and steak

The Many Jobs of Silent e

Favorite Info-graph https://blog.allaboutlearningpress.com/silent-e/

a t a t e Job #1 Silent e makes the vowel sound before it long The v-c-e spelling pattern vowel-consonant-e Why are the “a”s different colors? a t a t e

Any other examples?

Can Cap Cane Cape

Bit Cub Bite Cube

fin hop fine hope

Okay, Enough with the yellow e’s

Other Words cut mat not mad kit tap spin rip tot rob pet cute mate note made kite tape spine ripe tote robe Pete

Job #2 Silent e can make the c and g soft, as in dance and cage. When the letter c is followed by the letter e or i, the /s/ (soft c) sound is likely to be heard 96% of the time. Sample exception: ocean The letter g often has a sound similar to that of the letter j in jump when it comes before a letter i or e about 64% of the time. Exceptions: get and give

Job #3 Silent e keeps i, u, and v from being the last letter in a word, as in pie, true, and give

Job #4 Silent e can show that the word is not plural (usually the silent e is added after a single s). To demonstrate how e does its job here are a few examples: dense would become dens tease would become teas lapse would become laps

Job #5 Silent e adds a vowel to syllables with the consonant + l – e syllable pattern, as in bundle and puzzle.

Job #6 Silent e makes TH say its second sound, /th/, as in teethe and bathe.

Job # 7 Silent e clarifies the meaning of the word, as in by >> bye and aw >> awe.

Non-phonetic Remember One reason some words are sight words is because those words break the rules. come are where shoe were one Non-phonetic

What about consonants and vowels? Black or blue is a great color choice for consonants, then choose two other colors – one for the short vowel sound and one for the long vowel sound (save yellow for the silent vowel). Yellow can easily remind a learner that a letter is silent when teaching the silent k and w. When a word begins with the letters kn, the letter k is silent 100% of the time. When a word begins with the letters wr, the letter w is silent 100% of the time.

Silent consonants Yellow can easily remind a learner that a letter is silent when teaching the silent k and w. When a word begins with the letters kn, the letter k is silent 100% of the time. When a word begins with the letters wr, the letter w is silent 100% of the time. When the letters ght appear together in a word the gh are silent (another one of those 100% utility rules).

What part am I? Box of 8 crayons Parts of Speech Blue Red Green Yellow Orange Purple Brown black Parts of Speech Verb (lexical and auxiliary) Noun Adjective & determiner Adverb Pronoun Preposition Conjunction Interjection This screen can be used for the class vote.

Teachers prefer chocolate and wine as gifts over apples and roses. You are wonderful. runs kids skied | the bump the parks both terrain and Teachers prefer chocolate and wine as gifts over apples and roses.

Clusters Two little letters that blend two sounds. They stick together wherever they are found. http://www.actionfactor.com/pages/lesson-plans/v1.07-consonant-digraphs.html www.actionfactor.com/pages/lesson-plans/v1.07-consonant-digraphs.html

Blends versus Diagraphs Blends are two or three letters combined yet each sound can be heard Beginning of words bl, cl, fl, gl, pl, sl br, cr, dr, fr, gr, pr, tr sc, scr, sk, sm, sn, sp, spl, spr, squ, st, str, sw thr, tw, wh Diagraphs are two or more letters combining to represent one sound Most common consonant diagraphs are sh ch th wh ph gh ng

Working with Blends On a piece of paper write the letter clusters like a math problem. b + l = bl c + l = cl http://www.phonics-literacy.com/consonant-blends.html

To Emphasize the Difference Cluster Blends Consonant Diagraphs f + l = fl g + l = gl p + l = pl s + l = sl s + h = sh c + h = ch t + h = th w + h = wh http://www.phonics-literacy.com/consonant-blends.html

s + h = sh To demonstrate the sh sound, I put my first finger to my lips to indicate ‘sh be quiet.’ http://www.phonics-literacy.com/consonant-blends.html

c + h = ch I demonstrate the ch sound by pretending to sneeze, exaggerating the ch in achoo. http://www.phonics-literacy.com/consonant-blends.html

t + h = th The movement to help remember the th sound is to signal thumbs up while accentuating the th in thumb.

p + h = ph Ph makes the /f/ sound phone alphabet graph

Prefixes and suffixes A prefix is a word part added to the beginning of a word. Learners use the meaning of the root word and the meaning of the prefix to determine new meaning. A suffix is a word part added to the end of a root word to change the meaning of the word. Suffixes can make a noun plural, gauge degree, change verb tense, change the meaning of a root word to “one who”, and more.

What about the root? Root words and base words are the same. Image retrieved from https://blogs.elmbrook.org/recovery/ on 2/4/17 Base words and root words are the basic part of a word.

ing dis re s/es ful ly un color in ed tie help pre wind

Prefixes The most common prefixes are un (opposite, not) 26% of prefixed words re (do over, again) 14% in (opposite, not) 11% (includes il-, im-, and ir-) dis (opposite, not) 7% Once students understand the meaning of these four prefixes, students can quickly define more than 1500 words.

Suffixes The most common suffixes are s and es (to form the plural form of a noun) er and est (degree – more of (er) or the most (est) ful less er and or (one who) ed (past tense – to have done) ing (present tense – to be doing)

Add Color To Math Instruction My first use of color to show a student the different steps of a math procedure was at the turn of the century. (Wow, that makes me sound old.) Using different colors for the basic operations (+ - x /) helps learners remember which kind of process they are employing.

In Division Long Division 039 6 | 234 18 54 Dead blue Monkeys green Smell red Bad black

Fact Families 4 + 6 = 10 6 + 4 = 10 10 – 4 = 6 10 – 6 = 4 3 x 5 = 15 5 x 3 = 15 15 / 3 = 5 15 / 5 = 3 A best practice is to use a different color for each operation. Parentheses, exponents, multiplication and division, followed by addition and subtraction always performed from left to right.

Properties Associative Commutative ( + ) + = + = + + ( + ) = =

Addition What happens when we switch the order of the numbers in the addition number sentence?

4 red apples + 2 yellow apples = 6 apples

2 red apples + 4 yellow apples = 6 apples

Subtraction - - - -

Subtraction Red is used in stop signs. Students should stop and think when the red minus sign shows up in a number sentence. 24 – 12 + 10 – 2 = _______ Use the red minus sign for negative numbers. 6 – ( -3 ) = 6 + +3 (my computer only prints black ink in the notes box).