Adopted from Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY The Roots of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (1890s-2012) Adopted from Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

Zionism GOALS: The spiritual and political renewal of the Jewish people in its ancestral homeland of Palestine. Freedom from Western anti-Semitism. Theodore Herzl 1860-1904

The Middle East in 1914

Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916

The Arab Revolt: 1916-1918

British Promise to the Jews: Balfour Declaration, 1917 His Majesty’s Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine… Sir Arthur James Balfour Br. Foreign Secretary

The League of Nations Mandates

Oil Discovered in Mesopotamia! First discovered on Masjid-I Suleiman in Persia in 1908. Turkish-Petroleum Co. [TPC] founded in 1911  drill for oil in Mosul, Mesopotamia. Britain signed a secret agreement with the sheikh of Kuwait who, while outwardly pledging allegiance to the Ottoman Sultan in Istanbul, promised exclusive oil rights to the British. Kuwait became a British protectorate in November, 1914. In 1927, oil was struck in Kirkuk, Iraq, and the Iraq Petroleum Co. [IPC] was created.

Oil Becomes the New International “Coin of the Realm!” American oil companies [Texaco & Chevron], gain oil concessions in Bahrain in 1929. In 1933, American oil companies win an oil concession in Saudi Arabia. ARAMCO [Arab-American Oil Co,] is created in 1939.

Essential Question: How did Britain’s actions in Palestine after 1918 lay the groundwork for the on-going conflict between the Jews and the Arabs in the Middle East today?

Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920 In 1920, there was 1 Jew to every 10 Arabs in Palestine. By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs for every Jew. The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”

British Mandate in Palestine Created July, 1922

Jewish Settlements: The Kibbutz System First one founded in 1908. Communal living. “Make the Desert Bloom!”

The Peel Commission Partition Plan, 1937

Hitler’s “Final Solution” The Jewish population in each country in 1942.

Aliyah Bet : Illegal Jewish Immigration

Aliyah Bet Illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine. The Exodus, 1947.

Palestine Population in 1946

Jewish “Freedom Fighters” (or “Terrorists”?) Irgun Zvai Leumi [Natl. Military Org.] Avraham Stern & The Stern Gang

U. N. Partition Plan of 1947

Israel Becomes a Nation: May 14, 1948 Chaim Weizmann, 1st President David Ben-Gurion, 1st Prime Minister

War Begins!: May 15, 1948

The Palestinian Diaspora begins! Arab Refugees, 1948 The Palestinian Diaspora begins!

Armistice Signed, 1949

Israel: 1947 & Israel: 1949

Palestinian Refugees Palestinian Diaspora

Six-Day War (1967) UN Resolution 242 UN Resolution 338

Palestine Liberation Organization Yassir Arafat

Camp David Accords (1979) President President Prime Minister Anwar Sadat Jimmy Carter Menachem Begin of Egypt of the U. S. Of Israel

Camp David Accords (1979)

Palestinian Intifada-Part I (1987-1993)

Palestinian Intifada-Part I (1987-1993) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict