https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PL3YNQK960Y Nebular hypothesis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhy1fucSRQI Stephen Hawking's https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9D05ej8u-gU We are star stuff Neil DeGrasse Tyson

Nebular Hypothesis (pg. 10))

How the Earth was Made video vocabulary: Biosphere: Hydrosphere Atmosphere gases: Geosphere Evolution Erosion Weathering: Greenhouse effect Extinction Algae; Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Pillow lava Pangaea Mantle plume Fossils Shale Photosynthesis; Coal: Striations:

Has been on earth for 3.8 billion yrs It took 1000’s of year to happen MILLIONS of 4.6 billion 3.8 billion 3.8 billion water Has been on earth for 3.8 billion yrs METEORS! 90 CARBON DIOXIDE Green (iron) RED HOT!! >200°F greenhouse effect Oldest rock 3.8 billion lighter GRANITE basalt Bacteria, algae OXYGEN!!! Plants change Sunlight and CO2 to produce oxygen Iron left the oceans and oxygen filled air Oceans and sky Out of the ocean when iron + O2 produced RUST Didn’t move On different contitnets Drifting slowly over a long time

1.5 bya - Arizona, Grand Canyon, red rock contains iron - The iron came from…. Plate Tectonics   - Continents were fixed? -trilobites found where? -WW II submarines found: -Iceland is moving how? Alfred Wegener said the continents were… 1.1 bya - Rodinia 700 mya “The Big Freeze” - snowball earth was caused by… -temps were -40°, ice mile thick Life on Earth: 630 mya - greenhouse effect caused…. - atmosphere changed… - Canada’s Burgess shale quarry - temps changed… - atmosphere changed the Cambrian explosion 500 mya Ozone! - Life exploded on in the oceans - life evolved onto land - oxygen levels were -ozone allowed for… 400 mya - Coal was swamps produce…. 300 mya Carboniferous - coal! - insects were… 250 mya - Siberian mantle plume lasted…. - lava covered…. The atmosphere was… Life on land was…

240 mya Dinosaurs! - Pangaea formed dinosaurs grew SO large due to… -Dinosaur planet The atmosphere had high levels of… Temperatures were…. 180 mya -Pangaea split - due to overactive volcanism,   the atmosphere was rich in… 100 mya Diamonds! - DeBeers diamond mines - S. African mines are _____________ deep So volcanic activity was… ya Extinction! -‘tombstone’ layer of iridium -meteor crater layer of iridium is evidence of… life on the planet was… 50 mya - the Alps are made of: - erosion caused by wind, water, ice and uplift have… So the continents must have… Eroded the Grand Canyon ___________ miles deep 2 mya Ice Ages! -striations (scratches) in rock in N.Y, Central Park evidence… - glaciers covered… 10,000 years ago - the Great Lakes formed from… - - next ice age? -human civilization formed 200 mya future Pangaea-Ultima 2 billion years in the future?? - Earth will be a dead planet when…

Mass Extinctions, Climate Changes, Evolution of the Atmosphere Geologic Evolution, Biologic Evolution of Life, Evolution of the Hydrosphere Geologic Time Scale Earth’s Energy, Chemical Composition Make a white board/Power Point/Poster to present Answers to the research questions on paper or typed Use (a lot of) evidence from the movie and your research. Use the vocabulary words from the video. Focus on the connections between the spheres (hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosophere, biosphere) that acted as a system as Earth formed. Resources: ESS text book Chapters 30 (geologic time) Chapter 8 (geological changes) Chapter 19 (atmosphere evolution) Chapter 21 (climate changes) Chapters 29,30 (biological life) Chapters 4,5 (Earth’s chemical composition)

James Hutton; Rock strata layers, tilted and uplifted

Geosphere BASALT

Where did all this water come from? How did we end up being the “blue planet”?

Hydrosphere All the water Lakes, rivers Oceans Glaciers (ice caps) Aquifers (groundwater) Atmosphere (clouds humidity) Rank them from the MOST to the LEAST amount on earth.

Scientists believe that all the water in the earths hydrosphere 1 Scientists believe that all the water in the earths hydrosphere 1. arrived here in icy meteorites over millions of years of bombardment 2. erupted out of early volcanoes.

Earth Atmosphere Gaseous envelope around earth Layered (page 366) Gaseous envelope around earth Layered Mixture of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (20%) About 10 miles (16 km) thick Purpose: 1. Protects us from Sun’s radiation 2. Regulates heat energy – weather 3. Breathing (oxygen)

Compare other Planets Venus’ Atmosphere Thick, red, CO2 HOT, greenhouse effect http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqFVxWfVtoo&feature=related

Biosphere All living things on the planet. The other 3 spheres made biosphere possible! Examples: everything from tiny ocean plankton to giant redwoods to humans. Humans are changing the other 3 spheres!

stromatalites trilobites

Ozone

Split-up of Pangaea and Diamond mines