Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) Expansionism

Isolationism Expansionism by mid 1800s Through the early 1800s the U.S. follows a policy of isolationism Isolationism-having little to do with other nations Expansionism by mid 1800s

Expansionism Extending a nation’s boundaries either by force (military) or peaceful means (trade)

United States Imperialism Policy by which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker nations How is this an extension of manifest destiny?

Causes of Imperialism

#1-Trade U.S. factories need markets (place to sell goods) for their products You can make it, but you have to sell it too!

#2-Resources Need for raw materials Rubber Diamonds Sugar Oil

#3-Duty to spread Christianity White Man’s Burden-Idea that it was “our” job to “civilize” (spread our culture) Used to justify imperialism

#4-Competition with other nations “Only the strong survive” Land + money = strength Take over weaker countries, or…be taken over

#5-National Defense “Sea Power”-Alfred Thayer Mahan U.S. needs territories and Naval bases to protect those territories

By the 1890s U.S. had increased the size of the navy and modernized war ships= “Great White Fleet”

#6-nationalism The belief that great countries have Empires and pride in the nation All countries should have democracy!!

What is the main message?

What conditions influenced the United States’ expansion abroad?

Examples of US Imperialism: Spanish American War Remember the Maine! To He** with Spain!!

Yellow Journalism Spanish American War CAUSES: Cubans rebelled against Spanish rule in late 1800s looking for independence Americans took note trade about $100 million/year Sent the U.S.S. Maine to protect American interests Yellow Journalism

Yellow Journalism Exaggerated news story Named after “yellow kid” comic Joseph Pulitzer (NY World) V. William Randolph Hearst (NY Journal) Can you think of any current day examples of Yellow Journalism?

“Remember the Maine!!” Yellow Journalism Exploded in Havana Harbor-killed over 200 Americans-set the stage for war You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war.-William Randolph Hearst Yellow Journalism

Spanish American War Begins in the Philippines (Pacific Ocean)… Commodore George Dewey took fleet to the Manila, Philippines (1898) In 7 hours, Dewey’s men destroyed the Spanish fleet

Theodore Roosevelt Organizes the first volunteer U.S. Cavalry-The Rough Riders -cowboys, college students Took Cuba and Puerto Rico August 1898-Spain signed a truce Secretary of State John Hay, “It was a splendid little war”

Treaty of Paris of 1898 Officially ends war Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines come under U.S. control

Gained its independence in 1946. Currently on good terms with U.S. Philippines President McKinley decides to make an American colony Causes a rebellion by the Filipinos US eventually defeats this rebellion in 1902 UPDATE: Gained its independence in 1946. Currently on good terms with U.S.

Cuba Granted independence, but remained under control of U.S. military Platt Amendment added to Cuban constitution-gave U.S. the right to intervene in Cuban affairs anytime there was a threat to “life, property, and individual liberty.” Established a naval base at Guantanamo Bay UPDATE: After a trade embargo in 1961, relations have recently begun to “warm” between Cuba and the U.S.

Puerto Rico is a current territory of the U.S. American territory 1917- becomes a self-governing territory Grants U.S. citizenship to all Puerto Ricans UPDATE: Puerto Rico is a current territory of the U.S.

Further Examples of U.S. Imperialism: Japan Commodore Matthew Perry sent to Japan to open up trade Treaty of Kanagawa signed in 1854

Imperialism in China Spheres of influence-an area where a nation had special trading privileges Open Door Policy (1899)-stated no single country should have control over trade in China Boxer Rebellion-rebellion by those against foreigners in China Resulted in…

Examples of U.S. Imperialism: Alaska William Seward purchased Alaska for $7.2 million in 1884 Seward’s Folly, Seward’s icebox

Examples of U.S. Imperialism: Hawaii By 1880s American sugar planters control Hawaii’s economy Queen Liliuokalani moves to limit their power Planters revolt and asked to be annexed (taken over) by the United States. Congress annexed in 1898

Anti-Imperialist League U.S. treatment of colonies disappointed many in the U.S. Members believe-Americans should not deny other people the right to govern themselves.

U.S. Imperialism in Latin America: Panama Canal Panama Canal-shortcut connecting Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Isthmus of Panama-U.S. supported successful revolution in Colombia; results in new nation of Panama being created in 1903 Panama gives U.S. 10 mile wide strip-Canal Zone Building of the Panama Canal: (click here for movie) Completed in 1914 Some Latin Americans disagree with Roosevelt’s interference with Colombia  1921, U.S. gives Colombia $25 million for loss of Panama

U.S. Imperialism in Latin America Monroe Doctrine - 1823 Monroe Doctrine-policy that barred European nations from intervening in Latin America

U.S. Imperialism in Latin America Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Policy” Clear that the U.S. would remain the dominant power in the Western Hemisphere “Speak softly and carry a big stick” U.S. would use military force, if its interests were threatened

U.S. Imperialism in Latin America Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt Corollary (1905)-authorized the U.S. to act as a “policeman” in Latin America U.S. would intervene if they believed action was necessary to keep region stable

U.S. Imperialism in Latin America Dollar Diplomacy President Taft and President Wilson encouraged American businesses to invest in Latin America