ADVANCING VOCABULARY SKILLS Fourth Edition Sherrie L. Nist © 2010 Townsend Press

Unit Four: Chapter 19 • chide • dilapidated • coalition • integral • commensurate • noxious • connotation • scenario • diabolic • yen Page 110 in textbook.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 chide – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 chide – verb • My parents chided me for getting sunburned, but my blistered skin hurt a lot more than their scolding. • Elise was right to chide me when I lazily threw the newspapers into the trash instead of stacking and tying them for recycling. Chide means A. to command. B. to criticize. C. to be cruel to. Page 110 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 chide – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 chide – verb • My parents chided me for getting sunburned, but my blistered skin hurt a lot more than their scolding. • Elise was right to chide me when I lazily threw the newspapers into the trash instead of stacking and tying them for recycling. Chide means A. to command. B. to criticize. C. to be cruel to. Page 110 in textbook. In the first item, the word scolding tells you that chide means “to criticize.” In the second item, Elise would criticize the person for not recycling the newspapers.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 coalition – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 coalition – noun • Four colleges formed a coalition to operate a shared Center of Higher Education. • A coalition of one sheriff, two horse thieves, three stagecoach robbers, and a couple of crooked gamblers once made up the government of Virginia City. Coalition means A. one part of a whole. B. a neighborhood. C. a partnership. Page 110 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 coalition – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 coalition – noun • Four colleges formed a coalition to operate a shared Center of Higher Education. • A coalition of one sheriff, two horse thieves, three stagecoach robbers, and a couple of crooked gamblers once made up the government of Virginia City. Coalition means A. one part of a whole. B. a neighborhood. C. a partnership. Page 110 in textbook. If the four colleges operate a shared center, they must have formed a partnership. In order for such an odd collection of people to have governed Virginia City, the men must have formed a partnership.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 commensurate – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 commensurate – adjective • Most students who work hard will eventually see results commensurate with their efforts. • The expression “make the punishment fit the crime” means that a penalty should be commensurate with the degree of wrongdoing. Commensurate means A. essential to. B. delayed by. C. equal to. Page 110 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 commensurate – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 commensurate – adjective • Most students who work hard will eventually see results commensurate with their efforts. • The expression “make the punishment fit the crime” means that a penalty should be commensurate with the degree of wrongdoing. Commensurate means A. essential to. B. delayed by. C. equal to. Page 110 in textbook. Continued hard work usually leads to results that are equal to the effort put forth. If the punishment fits the crime, it is equal to the degree of wrongdoing.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 connotation – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 connotation – noun • For many of us, the word sea has a connotation of salty air and vast openness. • Sayonara, the Japanese word for “goodbye,” actually means “if it must be so” and thus has connotations of sadness at parting. Connotation means A. a suggested meaning. B. a handicap. C. a warning. Page 110 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 connotation – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 connotation – noun • For many of us, the word sea has a connotation of salty air and vast openness. • Sayonara, the Japanese word for “goodbye,” actually means “if it must be so” and thus has connotations of sadness at parting. Connotation means A. a suggested meaning. B. a handicap. C. a warning. Page 110 in textbook. Literally, the word sea means “a large body of salt water,” but the word also has the suggested meaning of salty air and vast openness. The literal meaning “if it must be so” gives the word sayonara the suggested meaning of sadness at parting.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 diabolic – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 diabolic – adjective • In the musical Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, the barber is indeed diabolic: he kills his clients by cutting their throats so that his friend Mrs. Lovett can make the victims into meat pies. • The horror story featured open graves, walking corpses, and a diabolic villain who turned an entire townful of people into zombies. Diabolic means A. lazy. B. frightened. C. devilish. Page 110 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer. A diabolic mask

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 diabolic – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 diabolic – adjective • In the musical Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, the barber is indeed diabolic: he kills his clients by cutting their throats so that his friend Mrs. Lovett can make the victims into meat pies. • The horror story featured open graves, walking corpses, and a diabolic villain who turned an entire townful of people into zombies. Diabolic means A. lazy. B. frightened. C. devilish. Page 110 in textbook. The word demon (as well as the actions of Sweeney Todd) suggests that diabolic means “devilish.” A villain who turns a townful of people into zombies would be a devilish person. A diabolic mask

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 dilapidated – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 dilapidated – adjective • The dilapidated house must have once been handsome. Some of its broken windows are stained glass, and the loose door hinges are fine metalwork. • His teddy bear is dilapidated, with its ears hanging by threads and the stuffing coming out, but the little boy won’t let go of it long enough for anyone to repair it. Dilapidated means A. out of proportion. B. strongly desired. C. run-down. Page 110 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer. A dilapidated house

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 dilapidated – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 dilapidated – adjective • The dilapidated house must have once been handsome. Some of its broken windows are stained glass, and the loose door hinges are fine metalwork. • His teddy bear is dilapidated, with its ears hanging by threads and the stuffing coming out, but the little boy won’t let go of it long enough for anyone to repair it. Dilapidated means A. out of proportion. B. strongly desired. C. run-down. Page 110 in textbook. Broken windows and loose door hinges suggest that the house is run-down. If the bear’s ears are hanging by threads and its stuffing is coming out, it is run-down. A dilapidated house

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 integral – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 integral – adjective • Arguing seems to be an integral part of Laura and Nate’s relationship. If they weren’t fighting, they’d have nothing to say to each other. • Voting is integral to democracy. Without free elections, a democratic system cannot continue to exist. Integral means A. essential. B. very small. C. predicted. Page 111 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 integral – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 integral – adjective • Arguing seems to be an integral part of Laura and Nate’s relationship. If they weren’t fighting, they’d have nothing to say to each other. • Voting is integral to democracy. Without free elections, a democratic system cannot continue to exist. Integral means A. essential. B. very small. C. predicted. Page 111 in textbook. If Laura and Nate have nothing to say to each other unless they are fighting, arguing is an essential part of their relationship. If a democratic system cannot exist without free elections, then voting must be essential to democracy.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 noxious – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 noxious – adjective • When you are cleaning, never mix ammonia and bleach. The noxious gas they produce could send you to the hospital. • The entire office building had to be evacuated when noxious fumes started coming out of the air vents and dozens of workers got sick. Noxious means A. potential. B. unhealthy. C. impossible. Page 111 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 noxious – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 noxious – adjective • When you are cleaning, never mix ammonia and bleach. The noxious gas they produce could send you to the hospital. • The entire office building had to be evacuated when noxious fumes started coming out of the air vents and dozens of workers got sick. Noxious means A. potential. B. unhealthy. C. impossible. Page 111 in textbook. If the gas produced by ammonia mixed with bleach can send you to the hospital, it must be unhealthy gas. If dozens of workers got sick, the fumes must have been unhealthy.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 scenario – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 scenario – noun • “I’ve worked out an overall scenario for the movie,” the screenwriter said, “but I haven’t gone beyond the basic plot.” • To help governments and industries plan for the future, experts sometimes develop scenarios describing what might happen in the next year or decade. Scenario means A. an outline of possible events. B. a budget. C. an actual occurrence. Page 111 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 scenario – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 scenario – noun • “I’ve worked out an overall scenario for the movie,” the screenwriter said, “but I haven’t gone beyond the basic plot.” • To help governments and industries plan for the future, experts sometimes develop scenarios describing what might happen in the next year or decade. Scenario means A. an outline of possible events. B. a budget. C. an actual occurrence. Page 111 in textbook. If the screenwriter hasn’t gone beyond the basic plot, he or she must have only an outline of possible events. In planning for the future, it would be helpful to develop outlines of possible events that might happen in the next year or decade.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 yen – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 yen – noun • Whenever I have a yen for something sweet, I try to eat fruit instead of cookies or candy. • My yen for garlic bagel chips doesn’t go away even after I’ve eaten a whole bagful. Yen means A. a longing. B. a feeling of disapproval. C. a memory. Page 111 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 yen – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 yen – noun • Whenever I have a yen for something sweet, I try to eat fruit instead of cookies or candy. • My yen for garlic bagel chips doesn’t go away even after I’ve eaten a whole bagful. Yen means A. a longing. B. a feeling of disapproval. C. a memory. Page 111 in textbook. If the speaker is tempted to eat cookies or candy, he or she must have a longing for something sweet. In the second item, if the speaker still wants more garlic bagel chips, he or she has a longing for them.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. chide B. coalition C. commensurate D. connotation E. diabolic F. dilapidated G. integral H. noxious I. scenario J. yen 1. The doctor ______(e)d Rick for not following her advice about switching to a low- fat diet. 2. One Chinese emperor was so quick to have people executed that his officials always said their last goodbyes when they were summoned to the presence of their __________ ruler. Page 112 in textbook. Answers: 1. chide; 2. diabolic The next slide explains the answers.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. chide B. coalition C. commensurate D. connotation E. diabolic F. dilapidated G. integral H. noxious I. scenario J. yen 1. The doctor _________ Rick for not following her advice about switching to a low- fat diet. chided The doctor would express disapproval at Rick’s not switching his diet. 2. One Chinese emperor was so quick to have people executed that his officials always said their last goodbyes when they were summoned to the presence of their __________ ruler. Page 112 in textbook. diabolic The ruler must have been very cruel if he executed people that quickly.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. chide B. coalition C. commensurate D. connotation E. diabolic F. dilapidated G. integral H. noxious I. scenario J. yen 3. We may argue about whether character or plot is more important, but they are both __________ to any novel. 4. The New York telephone directory lists hundreds of different ________s, including action groups for “Korean-American Voters,” “Fairness to Africa,” and “A Smoke-Free City.” Page 112 in textbook. Answers: 3. integral; 4. coalition; 5. yen The next slide explains the answers. 5. Often, to satisfy a __________, I eat something sweet, only to find that the sweetness has produced an equally strong craving for something salty.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. chide B. coalition C. commensurate D. connotation E. diabolic F. dilapidated G. integral H. noxious I. scenario J. yen 3. We may argue about whether character or plot is more important, but they are both __________ to any novel. integral Both character and plot are necessary to a novel. 4. The New York telephone directory lists hundreds of different _________, including action groups for “Korean-American Voters,” “Fairness to Africa,” and “A Smoke-Free City.” coalitions Page 112 in textbook. The sentence names three partnerships that have formed for a purpose. 5. Often, to satisfy a __________, I eat something sweet, only to find that the sweetness has produced an equally strong craving for something salty. yen The word craving tells us the missing word is yen.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. chide B. coalition C. commensurate D. connotation E. diabolic F. dilapidated G. integral H. noxious I. scenario J. yen 6. “I wish I could give you a grade ____________ with the excellence of your paper,” the teacher said. “Unfortunately, there is no such grade as ‘A plus-plus.’” 7. Dictionaries usually don’t give the __________s of words. These associated meanings become familiar to us only through experience. Page 112 in textbook. Answers: 6. commensurate; 7. connotation The next slide explains the answers.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. chide B. coalition C. commensurate D. connotation E. diabolic F. dilapidated G. integral H. noxious I. scenario J. yen 6. “I wish I could give you a grade ____________ with the excellence of your paper,” the teacher said. “Unfortunately, there is no such grade as ‘A plus-plus.’” commensurate The teacher would like to give a grade equal to the quality of the paper. 7. Dictionaries usually don’t give the ___________ of words. These associated meanings become familiar to us only through experience. connotations Page 112 in textbook. The words associated meanings suggest the correct choice is connotations.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. chide B. coalition C. commensurate D. connotation E. diabolic F. dilapidated G. integral H. noxious I. scenario J. yen 8. My parents always know when my friend Theo has been here because his __________ old car, which has a leaky radiator, leaves a puddle of water in the driveway. 9. Cigarettes aren’t bad only for smokers. Secondhand smoke is also __________ and can be harmful to everyone nearby. Page 112 in textbook. Answers: 8. dilapidated; 9. noxious; 10. scenario The next slide explains the answers. 10. I had thought up several _________s of how my widowed mother might marry again, but I never would have predicted what actually happened: she married my widowed father-in-law.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. chide B. coalition C. commensurate D. connotation E. diabolic F. dilapidated G. integral H. noxious I. scenario J. yen 8. My parents always know when my friend Theo has been here because his __________ old car, which has a leaky radiator, leaves a puddle of water in the driveway. dilapidated Theo’s car sounds badly in need of repairs. 9. Cigarettes aren’t bad only for smokers. Secondhand smoke is also __________ and can be harmful to everyone nearby. noxious Page 112 in textbook. The word harmful tells you that the word noxious is needed. 10. I had thought up several __________ of how my widowed mother might marry again, but I never would have predicted what actually happened: she married my widowed father-in-law. scenarios The speaker imagined several ways in which his mother might marry again.