Macromolecules

Linear glucose molecule Ring glucose molecule To convert linear to ring: Remove one of the double bonds to Oxygen Remove Hydrogen from 5th carbon Connect First Carbon to Oxygen Attach Hydrogen to Oxygen

Making a Disaccharide (ex: maltose or sucrose) This is called Dehydration Synthesis (This is a type of covalent bond)

Making a Polysaccharide: (Where would this occur?)

Hydrolysis or Hydration Breaking down a carbohydrate: Where would this occur?? This is called Hydrolysis or Hydration Reaction

Starch and Cellulose: two types of carbohydrates

Four Examples of Complex Carbohydrates (p. 42)

LIPID: Making a Triglyceride by dehydration synthesis Remove these and join Groups 2, 3, and 4 Group 1

Different types of Fatty acid tails on triglycerides Saturated with Hydrogen atoms Ex: butter, lard Saturated One double bond Ex: Nuts and avocadoes Mono unsaturated More than one double bond Ex: omega 3 and 6 (flax, hemp) Poly unsaturated

Trans Fats (a product of hydrogenation)

LIPID: Phospholipid Bilayer – AKA Cell Membrane

LIPID: Cholesterol

LIPID: Waxes

Making a dipeptide: dehydration synthesis Making a polypeptide: dehydration synthesis H2O

Making a Nucleic Acid: Dehydration Synthesis sugar Phosphate group Nitrogenous base nucleotide H2O H2O

DNA Molecule

Concept Map: Example

Concept Map: Example