Biochemistry Notes Image by Riedell

VERY, VERY LARGE MOLECULES MACROMOLECULES = ____________________ EXAMPLE: Insulin = C254 H377 N65 O76 S6 Image from: http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/tutorials/chemistry/page2.html

_________ is the most important atom found in living things CARBON four It can join to _______ other atoms at same time chains It can form ______ or _____ so it can make lots of different kinds of molecules. rings Images from: http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/chemhydrocarbon.htm

__________ molecules are found __________ and _____________ atoms http://www.mrbigler.com/Chem1-C1/topics/vsepr/VSEPR_files/image002.gif __________ molecules are found __________ and _____________ atoms ORGANIC in living things contain CARBON http://biologyjunction.com/organic_model_project_bi.htm

One way to join molecules to make a bigger molecule is by ________ a _______ molecule to make a bond. = ____________________ reaction removing WATER dehydration synthesis See an animation http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS “dehydration” “synthesis” =_____________ _____________ water loss put parts together http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/macromol/sld003.htm http://www.usd116.org/apalla/biology/unit3/notes/3notes1.htm

POLYMERIZATION kind of synthesis small subunits similar _________________ is a ________________ reaction in which many _____________ that are ________ join to make a bigger molecule These small units are called ______________ The big molecule they make is called a _____________ kind of synthesis small subunits similar MONOMERS POLYMER Image by RIedell

EXAMPLE: DNA _________ subunits (A,T,G,C) join together to make a _____ molecule Nucleotide DNA http://www.freewebs.com/genetics37/genetics101.htm

Chemical reactions can also ________ molecules apart. ______________ = kind of chemical reaction in which a molecule is broken apart by adding a________ molecule. “_____” = water “_____” = break apart break HYDROLYSIS WATER hydro lysis See an animation http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/media/ch02/reaction_types.html

opposite HYDROLYSIS is the _________ of DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS. Adding a water molecule breaks the bond. http://www.usd116.org/apalla/biology/unit3/notes/3notes1.htm

More on this is Chapters 7, 8,& 9 ATP is the energy molecule used by all cells. Breaking a bond using hydrolysis is the way ENERGY is released. http://student.ccbcmd.edu/biotutorials/energy/adpan.html More on this is Chapters 7, 8,& 9

Living things _______ of these kinds of _______ (and MORE) to get the _______they need. use BOTH reactions materials http://www.animationlibrary.com http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif

Hydrogen Ions (H+) H+ acidic More H+ = more acidic http://www.guardiantrader.com/images/ph_scale.gif The number of ____ ions determines how _______ a solution will be. H+ acidic More H+ = more acidic

Group Activity You will receive pieces to make a monomer. All monomers will be joined together to form a polymer. Macromolecules are formed by joining smaller compounds together. Polymers – monomers joined together Monomers – smaller units