Biochemistry Objective: Describe the structure and function of organic molecules Demonstrate how small molecules are joined together to make larger molecules

I. Living things are made of matter A. 6 most common elements in living things: B. These elements combine to form organic molecules

II. Organic Compounds A. Living cells are built from biomolecules 1. Large, complex molecules called polymers 2. Built from smaller, repeating parts called monomers B. Carbon is backbone for biomolecules 1. Forms 4 covalent bonds 2. Forms chains and rings

III. Carbon in organic molecules comes from photosynthesis

IV. There are 4 categories of organic molecules… A. Carbohydrates B. Proteins C. Lipids D. Nucleic Acids

Activity: Looking at Carbs…

Directions: Examine your carbohydrate molecule. You were given a simple sugar, the monomer of carbs. On your chart, write down the elements that make it up. Name your carbohydrate – the name must end in “- ose”. Record some examples of carbs: sugars like glucose & starches like amylose. Can you think of others? What shape is your carbohydrate? Record this in your chart under “Other information” Following the directions given, you will model the joining together of monomers (simple sugar) to make a polymers (bigger molecules). Label: monosaccharide (monomer), disaccharide, or polysaccharide. In your chart, record some of the functions of carbs

Functions of Carbs (record in your chart) ENERGY Support Cell Recognition

Activity: Looking at Proteins

Directions: Examine the amino acid that you were given. These are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins. Identify the elements that make up your amino acid. Record in your chart. Compare your amino acid to the person next to you. Are they identical? What parts are the same? Highlight the similarities. What part of your amino acids are different? Circle these and label this circled part “R-group”. In your chart, under “other information” note that there are 20 amino acids that are all identical except for their R-groups.

Directions, cont.: Following the directions given, you will model the joining together of monomers (amino acids) to make a polymers (bigger molecules). How is the process of joining amino acids similar to the process of joining monosaccharides? Complete chart for proteins

Examples of proteins (record on chart) Hemoglobin Keratin Collagen Enzymes Antibodies

Functions of proteins (record on chart) Speed up chemical reactions Transport Structure Fight disease

Independent Activity: Examining lipids & nucleic acids

Lipids Examples: Fats, Oils, Waxes, Steroids Other Info - Characteristics: Hydrophobic – “water-fearing”

Functions of Lipids Store energy (long-term) Water barrier Insulation Make up cell membrane Protect organism Insulation

Nucleic Acids Examples: DNA, RNA, ATP Functions: Genetic information Energy

Exit ticket: To join monomers together, we demonstrated a process called “dehydration synthesis”. What does this term mean? If we removed water to join monomers together, what do you think is done to break large molecules apart?