The Romantic Revolution
In the Second Half of the 18th century… A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1757) Pre-romantic sensibility was characterized by a predilection for night, darkness and death cult of ruins terror and fantasies an interest in medieval and northern literature and folklore Most of these tendencies and interests were called Gothic
The Romantic Revolution The French Revolution and the impact it had on British culture and society The revolutionary spirit took on various forms: political and social revolution revolt against all forms of authority conflicting with human dignity free expression of personal feeling
European Romanticism Romanticism was a truly European movement Germany: Goethe, Schiller, Herder (Sturm und Drang) France: Madame de Staël, Hugo Italy: Berchet, Manzoni, Foscolo
Romantic Themes and Conventions Feeling vs Rationality instinct, feeling, intuition Feeling and emotion were essential steps towards a true knowledge of things Imagination the central point of the creating process It connected the individual mind and the physical world
Romantic Themes and Conventions A love of nature works contained many descriptions of nature Romantic writers endowed natural scenes with life, passion and feeling Commonplace and supernatural ordinary life, dreams, nightmare and visions were cultivated by the Romantics The universe was a living entity that could reveal itself to man on two levels: the visible (nature) and the invisible (the supernatural)
Romantic Themes and Conventions Individualism introspection, individualism The Romantics’ individualism was also reflected in isolation from society The ‘dark’ Romantic hero a glorious failure, haunted by remorse for his faults and wasted opportunities The Romantics show a marked interest in the strange, the uncommon, the forbidden
Romantic Themes and Conventions Search for the infinite it made the poet a prophet-like creature It was destined to fail, but this gloriously impossible task was the artist’s glorious mission