Hearing Demo http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot_bounce/index.html

Pinna (auricle)

Cauliflower ear Perichonrial Hematoma

Don’t put anything into your ear smaller than your elbow.

Perforated tympanic membrane (Eardrum)

Cartilage ear-piercing complications: Abscess formation

Stapes (“Stirrup”) is the smallest bone in the body Incus “Anvil” Malleus “Hammer”

Definitions: Incus - (also called the anvil) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the hammer to the stirrup. cochlea - a spiral-shaped, fluid-filled inner ear structure; it is lined with cilia (tiny hairs) that move when vibrated and cause a nerve impulse to form. eardrum - (also called the tympanic membrane) a thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves reach it. Eustachian tube - a tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose; it equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and the air outside. When you "pop" your ears as you change altitude (going up a mountain or in an airplane), you are equalizing the air pressure in your middle ear. malleus - (also called the hammer) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the eardrum to the anvil. nerves - these carry electro-chemical signals from the inner ear (the cochlea) to the brain. outer ear canal - the tube through which sound travels to the eardrum. pinna - (also called the auricle) the visible part of the outer ear. It collects sound and directs it into the outer ear canal semicircular canals - three loops of fluid-filled tubes that are attached to the cochlea in the inner ear. They help us maintain our sense of balance. Stapes - (also called the stirrup) a tiny, U-shaped bone that passes vibrations from the stirrup to the cochlea. This is the smallest bone in the human body (it is 0.25 to 0.33 cm long).

Semicircular canals Ossicles (bones) Auditory nerve Pinna External Auditory canal cochlea Eustachian tube Tympanic membrane

Definitions: Incus - (also called the anvil) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the hammer to the stirrup. cochlea - a spiral-shaped, fluid-filled inner ear structure; it is lined with cilia (tiny hairs) that move when vibrated and cause a nerve impulse to form. eardrum - (also called the tympanic membrane) a thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves reach it. Eustachian tube - a tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose; it equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and the air outside. When you "pop" your ears as you change altitude (going up a mountain or in an airplane), you are equalizing the air pressure in your middle ear. malleus - (also called the hammer) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the eardrum to the anvil. nerves - these carry electro-chemical signals from the inner ear (the cochlea) to the brain. outer ear canal - the tube through which sound travels to the eardrum. pinna - (also called the auricle) the visible part of the outer ear. It collects sound and directs it into the outer ear canal semicircular canals - three loops of fluid-filled tubes that are attached to the cochlea in the inner ear. They help us maintain our sense of balance. Stapes - (also called the stirrup) a tiny, U-shaped bone that passes vibrations from the stirrup to the cochlea. This is the smallest bone in the human body (it is 0.25 to 0.33 cm long).

The Organ of Corti

Types of Hearing Loss: Conductive Deafness (middle-ear deafness): occurs when middle-ear bones fail to transmit sound to the cochlea properly caused by diseases, infections, tumorous bone growths in ear corrected by surgery or hearing-aids can still hear your own voice fine (conducted through bones and sinuses). 2. Nerve Deafness (inner ear deafness): occurs due to damage to the cochlea, hair cells, or the auditory nerve can affect just a portion of the cochlea (can only hear certain frequencies) can be inherited or from exposure to rubella, syphilis during pregnancy inadequate oxygen to brain during childbirth low thyroid activity Multiple sclerosis or meningitis childhood reactions to certain drugs (aspirin) repeated exposure to loud noises

Tinnitus; frequent or constant ringing in the ears common in old age “phantom ringing”; part of cochlea is damaged and the area of the brain that used to receive those signals is now invaded by other axons from other parts of the body Treatable causes of hearing loss talk. 3 min Hearing loss, vertigo, facial paralysis Process of hearing Otosclerosis: abnormal growth of middle ear ossicles

Semi-circular canals and otoliths also guide eye movements: Hold your book still and read it while moving your head around Now hold your head still and read your book while it’s moving all around

Olfaction Anosmia; inability to smell The human brain can detect about 10,000 different smells. (but we see about 7,000,000 different colors!) Tongue animation

Congenital insensitivity A life without pain