Earth2Class: trazendo a ciencia para a sala de aula Michael J Passow Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University New York, USA

Michael J Passow 46-year career as Science Educator Main subject: Earth Science (Physical Geography) High School, Middle School, University, informal science (museums and nature centers)

Academic degrees from Columbia University, New York BA (Geology) MAT (Science Education) M.Ed. (Curriculum & Teaching) Ed.D. (Science Education) Additional training through various professional organization programs

President of several State and National professional teacher organizations Peer Trainer for weather, ocean, and climate programs

Columbia University in the City of New York Among most important in USA Founded in 1754 Undergraduate and graduate programs in Science, Medicine, Business, many other areas Many graduates with great accomplishments

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Among most important geoscience research centers in the world Founded in 1949 Component of the Columbia Earth Institute World-famous scientists and discoveries Ph.D. and M.S. training

First, a little more about me: Privileged to Have 14 Visits to Brasil Since 2007

Most visits hosted by Cristiana Assumpcao and Frederico Baggio of SP

AGU Joint Assembly of the Americas Foz de Iguassu 2010 Helped organize the GIFT (Geoscience Information For Teachers): “Chuva, Rochas e Clima” with Dr. Celso Dal Ré Carneiro (UNICAMP) and Dr. Nisia Krusche (FURG)

https://earth2class.org/site/?page_id=4887

Home page: www.earth2class.org/site

Earth2Class at LDEO Monthly workshops connected students and teachers with research scientists >165 programs since 1998 Archived versions of presentations available on website for those unable to attend

Many educational resources (slide shows, activities, links to important websites, etc.) for teachers and students >50k hits from >2.5k users per month

Monthly Workshops One per month in our academic year (Sep – May) 8:30 – 9:30 “Caffeine & Carbs” 9:30 – 10:00 Introduction by MJP – basic knowledge about the topic 10:00 – 10:15 Break & scientist set-up 10:15 – 12:00 Scientist presentation 12:00 – 13:00 “Lunch with the Scientist” 13:00 – 15:30 Classroom-oriented activities

One program connected by Skype with scientist 1000 km away

Examples of E2C Workshops Themes Climate Change and Paleoclimates Natural Hazards Seismology and Plate Tectonics Marine Geology and Scientific Seafloor Drilling

Marine biology and ecology Polar Studies (Antarctic and Arctic) Atmospheric Chemistry Local area geologic history

Visits to laboratories Special training (here: putting together Galileoscopes) Public programs at LDEO Open House

We also provide E2C field experiences for NYC students and teachers in the nearby Hudson River

How E2C Helps Meet Teacher and Students Needs Typical US High School/Middle School Earth Science courses include: Geology (rocks, minerals, earthquakes, weathering and erosion, etc.) Weather and Climate Astronomy (Earth’s Place in Space) Earth History (fossils, important events shaping regional and global features) Natural Hazards, especially severe storms Physical geography (maps and imaging)

Typical USA Science Classes 1 of 5 or 6 classes each day, 45 – 50 minutes, then switch to another room Teachers may be strong or weak in subject area, depending on background Often textbook-focused May or may not have include valuable hands-on lab investigations, field trips, research In New York State, usually ends with state-created “Regents Earth Science exam”

“Regents Earth Science” New York State has largest pre-college Earth Science enrollment “RES” exam taken by more than 160k students each year Multiple-choice and constructed response Hands-on “performance” exam 16-page Reference Tables provided ES also included in State tests at grades 4 (age 10) and 8 (age 14) https://earth2class.org/site/?page_id=6298

Hurricane season in the North Atlantic Ocean officially begins in June and ends in November. Which ocean surface conditions are responsible for the development of hurricanes? (1) warm water temperatures and low evaporation rates (2) warm water temperatures and high evaporation rates (3) cool water temperatures and low evaporation rates (4) cool water temperatures and high evaporation rates

Science in US Schools No national education curriculum-blocked by law Each State sets own requirements for graduation and curriculum More emphasis on biology, chemistry, physical science than Earth and environmental science ‘Test-driven’ influence on what is taught and how to learn Wide range of quality and achievement Sometimes political influences, especially in “controversial” topics such as climate change

Next Generation Science Standards National scientific academies and groups created “A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas” (2012) https://www.nap.edu/read/13165/chapter/2 “Next Generation Science Standards” (2013) http://www.nextgenscience.org/

NGSS Science and Engineering Practices Asking questions and defining problems Planning and carrying out investigations Analyzing and interpreting data Developing and using models Constructing explanations and designing solutions Engaging in argument from evidence Using mathematical and computational thinking Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

NGSS Crossing Concepts Patterns Cause and effect: mechanism and explanation Scale, proportion, and quantity Systems and systems models Energy and matter: flows, cycles, and conservation Structure and function Stability and change

Disciplinary Core Ideas in Earth and Space Science http://nstahosted ESS1: Earth’s Place in the Universe ESS1.A: The Universe and Its Stars ESS1.B: Earth and the Solar System ESS1.C: The History of Planet Earth ESS2: Earth’s Systems ESS2.A: Earth Materials and Systems ESS2.B: Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System Interactions ESS2.C: The Roles of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes ESS2.D: Weather and Climate ESS2.E: Biogeology ESS3: Earth and Human Activity ESS3.A: Natural Resources ESS3.B: Natural Hazards ESS3.C: Human Impacts on Earth Systems ESS3.D: Global Climate Change

E2C Enhances teacher and student knowledge Spotlights cutting-edge research conducted by Lamont Scientists Provides insights about “real” science (not just what is in textbooks) Connects students and teachers with scientists as role models Fosters networking among teachers and students Provides examples of how to create NGSS- and State-based curriculum

E2C Supports Research “Broad Outreach” components for LDEO research projects Necessary for National Science Foundation support “Spatial Thinking in Regents Earth Science” NSF Grant with Dr. Kim Kastens https://earth2class.org/site/?page_id=2957

“Spatial Thinking in Regents Earth Science” NSF Grant with Dr. Kim Kastens https://earth2class.org/site/?page_id=2957 https://earth2class.org/site/?page_id=2957

What Is Needed to Provide an Earth2Class Program at Your Institution? By the Organizer Recruit scientists and participants Set up venue, including morning refreshments and lunch Provide PD certificates and receipts Create introductory slide show Lead classroom activities Facilitate details of the program Post on website

By the Scientist Develop presentation suitable for a general audience Coordinate with Organizer to provide version of slide show and other resources for E2C and own websites Follow up on questions from participants Include E2C organizer in Broader Outreach plans for research applications

What’s the Cost? Who Pays? LDEO provides seminar room as part of its outreach, unless grant funding is available Organizer and scientists volunteer, unless grant funding is available Morning refreshments and lunch (about US $150 - $160) Participants pay $15 per session ($7.50 for students

What Could You Do Here in Brasil? Begin programs that connect your research results with teachers Share also with students in public programs? Set up web page to support teachers and students Important to work with one or more teachers who can connect the science ideas with what teachers needs to explain in schools

Dr. Michael J Passow michael@earth2class.org Obrigado! Questions? Dr. Michael J Passow michael@earth2class.org Obrigado!