Unit 6: Agriculture & Land Use AP Human Geography Unit 6: Agriculture & Land Use

Tuesday, December 6 Directions: Take out your warm-up papers and number 1-8. We will do a quick review of Unit 6 vocabulary!

How is agriculture seen on the cultural landscape? Monday, April 18

Cadastral System Defined: method of land survey through which land ownership and property lines are defined Adopted in places where settlement could be regulated by law.

1. Township-and-Range System Defined: (rectangular survey system) is based on a grid system that creates 1 square mile sections. Designed to facilitate movement across the US No reference to terrain Uniformity across the landscape Williamette Valley, Oregon 640 acres in 6x6 with 36 sections! The cultural landscape of Garden City, Iowa reflects the Township and Range system. Townships are 6x6 miles and section lines are every 1 mile.

2. Metes and Bounds Survey Defined: an approach to land division in which natural features are used to demarcate irregular parcels of land Primarily found in the eastern part of the US and Canada Because of the imprecise nature of surveying, the U.S. Land Office Survey abandoned the technique in favor of the rectangular survey system

3. Long-lot Survey System Defined: divided land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals. Found in Louisiana, Texas and parts of Canada Burgandy, France: reflects the Long-lot Survey system, as land is divided into long, narrow parcels. People live in nucleated villages and land ownership is highly fragmented.

Property Ownership impacts cultural landscape Rules about property inheritance can govern how landed is divided and organized: Primogeniture All land passes to the eldest son Parcels of land tend to be larger & farmers work a single plot of land. Northern Europe, Americas, Australia & New Zealand Fragmentation Divided among heirs Farmers living in villages in these areas tend a variety of scattered small plots of land. Southern Europe, Asia, Africa, reservations in U.S.

Dominant Land Survey Patterns in the US

Agricultural Villages True farm villages, in which farming or providing services for farmers are the dominant activities, are disappearing. Dispersed settlement pattern: individual farmhouses lie quite far apart and the land is intensively cultivated by machine rather than by hand. (Example: U.S. Midwest) Most prevalent pattern in agricultural areas. Nucleated settlement pattern: when houses are grouped together in tiny clusters (hamlets) or in slightly larger clusters (villages).

Differentiation within Villages Social stratification: representation of farm owners’ wealth & standing in the community by size/worth of land. Primary function of farm villages: protection of livestock and storage of harvested crops.

Village Forms A: LINEAR VILLAGE Seen primarily in hilly regions of Europe Villages are located on dikes/levees and roads B: CLUSTER VILLAGE Seen primarily in western Europe Started as a small hamlet at the intersection of two roads & then developed outward.

Village Forms C: ROUND VILLAGE (rundling) East Africa; 1st used by Slavs Central, circular village green owned in common with individually owned farmsteads radiating out around it like the spokes of a wheel. D: WALLED VILLAGE Mesopotamia Farmers go out into the surrounding fields by day but retreat to the protection of walled villages at night. Europe: surrounded by moats

Village Forms E: GRID VILLAGES Created by Spanish invaders of Middle America Planned, rural settlements

Grid: ? Walled: Italy Linear: Romania Round: Romania (charlottenburg)

Unit 6: Projects!