Political Systems in Today's World Chapter 25

Section 3 International Organizations

Two Types Nongovernmental Organizations Individuals and groups outside the scope of government Funded by donations Intergovernmental Organizations Composed of members of national governments Created through agreements

The United Nations Established in 1945 3 goals Preserve world peace and security Encourage nations to deal fairly with one another Help nations cooperate in trying to solve their social and economic problems

Structure Main headquarters = New York City General Assembly Controls the budget Discusses, debates and recommends solutions for major international problems

2. Security Council 15 nations Makes peacekeeping decisions 5 permanent and 10 revolving Makes peacekeeping decisions Very difficult process

U.N. Security Council 5 Permanent Members 10 Elected Members United States, United Kingdom, China, Russia, France 10 Elected Members 2016: Angola, Malaysia, New Zealand, Spain, Venezuela 2017: Egypt, Japan, Senegal, Ukraine, Uruguay

4. International Court of Justice 3. Secretariat In charge of the day-to-day operations of the UN 4. International Court of Justice Judicial branch of the UN 5. Economic and Social Council Promotes economic and social progress around the world

The European Union Supranatural Organization Created in 1957 An organization whose authority overrides the sovereignty of its individual members Created in 1957 Continues to grow today

Economic Interests Maastricht Treaty: 1993 Original intent was to remove all economic restrictions Maastricht Treaty: 1993 Member nations yield power to the European Union Quasi-government Ability to make and enforce some decisions that apply to all members even though they are sovereign

Section 4 Global Issues

Challenges No single nation can solve these problems Challenges the sovereignty of individual nations Requires cooperation between nations

What is Terrorism? Definition: The use of violence by non-governmental groups against civilians to achieve a political goal.

When a terrorist strikes, their only goal is to injure or kill others. FALSE!! Attacks from terrorists are politically motivated.

Islamic groups are the only groups who have used terrorist tactics. FALSE! Many non-Muslims have used terrorist tactics throughout history.

Examples of Terrorism

Reign of Terror: France Sept 5, 1793 – July 28, 1794 16,594 Killed

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: June 28, 1914

Omagh Bombing: Northern Ireland August 15, 1998 29 Killed, 220 Injured

Oklahoma City Bombing: April 19, 1995 168 Killed, 680 Injured

al-Qaeda Attacks 2000 USS Cole Bombings -19 killed -39 injured 1998 US Embassy bombing in Nairobi, Kenya -212 Killed -4000 injured 2000 USS Cole Bombings -19 killed -39 injured

2004 Madrid Commuter Train Bombings -200 Killed -1800 Injured

London Bombings 7/7/05 56 killed 700 injured

Paris Attacks: November 13, 2015 130 killed 368 injured

9/11 Attacks -3000 Killed -6300 Injured

Pentagon Shanksville, PA

“One man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter.”

International Terrorism Def: The use of violence by non-governmental groups against civilians to achieve a political goal One of the greatest dangers in the world today 300+ attacks per year around the world State-sponsored terrorism: When a government secretly supports terrorism

al-Qaeda “The Base” Formed in 1988 Formerly headed by Osama bin Laden Desired to rid the Middle East of Western influence Organized many attacks on American interests Today: War on Terrorism

Al-Qaeda Base Countries

ISIS Islamic State in Iraq and Syria Created in 2013 Splinter group from Al-Qaeda Goal: Create an Islamic state (Caliphate) in the Middle East and beyond Implement strict Sharia Law Known for their brutality and use of social media to spread their message

What are nuclear weapons? Why are nuclear weapons so dangerous? What do you think is meant by the term “Nuclear Proliferation”?

Class Objectives: -Understand and analyze nuclear proliferation Nuclear Weapons Essential Question: Why are nuclear weapons a global issue? Class Objectives: -Understand and analyze nuclear proliferation -Comprehend the nuclear capabilities of various countries.

Deployment Methods

Nuclear Weapons Nuclear Proliferation: The spread of nuclear weapons 10 nations are known, or believed to have, nuclear capabilities Non-Proliferation Treaty: 1968 Safe use of nuclear power Don’t provide technology to other nations Encourage disarmament

Not as difficult to make nuclear weapons as originally thought Makes monitoring more difficult Iran/North Korea

Human Rights Def: Basic freedoms and rights that all people, regardless of age, gender, nationality, or ethnicity should enjoy.

1948—Universal Declaration of Human Rights Lists things a government should NOT do to limit freedoms as well as things they SHOULD do for people Many international organizations have been established to protect human rights

The Environment Challenges: Goal: Sustainable Development Rapid population growth Consumption of natural resources Pollution Goal: Sustainable Development Continue economic growth and development without destroying the environment or depleting natural resources

Benefits of Chinese Smog 1. It unifies the Chinese people.  2. It makes China more equal.  3. It raises citizen awareness of the cost of China’s economic development.  4. It makes people funnier.  5. It makes people more knowledgeable (of things like meteorology and the English word haze).

Osama bin Laden Born 1957 in Saudi Arabia Founder of Al-Qaeda Died May 2, 2011 in Pakistan