How did language help humans to migrate? You will need… -Entry Task -A pencil You will get… -”What Difference Does Language Make” article Entry Task Objective Lets review….. How did language help humans to migrate? SWBAT to find central idea BY writing an IVFT sentence and completing a fact outline.

Academic Expectations Behavior Expectations Follow along as we read together. Annotate the text -CIRCLE words you do not know. -UNDERLINE important facts. -Put an “!” next to things that surprise you. Volume: 0=Follow along silently. Movement: NONE Participation: EVERYONE will do their work and complete an IVFT and fact outline

EXAMPLE

When did we appear? Big Era Two is the first era in which there were human beings, people like you and me (ME?) (Remember, they appeared at the end of Big Era One!) So, what IS so special about humans?

Academic Expectations Behavior Expectations Take notes on topic sentence, star main ideas, and details. Think critically about what factors allowed humans to migrate  Volume: 0-1 (Quiet during teacher talk, 1 during pair share) Movement: NONE Participation: Every student will take notes!

How, when, and where did we become human? Meet one of our close ancestors, Homo erectus. Homo erectus was one of the hominid groups that was developing increasingly large brains in both Africa and Asia between about 500,000 and 200,000 years ago. This is a reconstructed Homo erectus skull, found in northern China. It dates to some time after 1.6 million years ago. 250k yrs ago Today Big Eras 3-9 10k Brain Development 500k – 200k yrs ago Big Era 1 Big Era 2 Photo Franz Weidenreich Reconstruction of Homo Erectus The Smithsonian Institution Human Origins Program http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ha/erec.html 1.8 mil. yrs ago 27k Homo erectus

Homo erectus was a traveler! Homo erectus began migrating to southerly parts of Eurasia sometime after about 1.8 million years ago. 200k yrs ago Today Big Eras 3-9 10k 1.8 mil. yrs ago 27k Big Era 1 Big Era 2 Homo erectus

T: Homo sapiens Migration They migrated just like homoerectus. Migrated further than Neanderthals and homerectus This is a reconstructed Homo sapiens skull, found in Israel. It has been dated to about 90,000 years ago. Photo Skhul V The Smithsonian Institution Human Origins Program http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ha/skhul.html Big Eras 3-9 Big Era 1 200k yrs ago Human Origins: Homo sapiens in Africa 200k yrs ago Human Origins: Homo sapiens in Africa 100k yrs ago S.W. Asia Big Era 2 10k years ago Today

Homo sapiens traveled even further than Homo erectus Homo sapiens traveled even further than Homo erectus. From their African homeland, Homo sapiens groups migrated to… …Where? See the Map!

Migrations of Homo sapiens Siberia 40,000 years ago Europe 40,000 years ago North America 12,000-30,000 years ago Southwest Asia 100,000 years ago Oceania 1600 B.C.E.-500 C.E. Human Origins 200,000-250,000 years ago Australia as many as 60,000 years ago Chile 12,000-13 ,000 years ago Possible coastal routes of human migration Possible landward routes of human migration Migrations in Oceania

That’s amazing! Why were modern humans able to move into so many different environments? After all, no other large animals had spread so widely! So what was so special about us? 200k yrs ago Human Origins 100k yrs ago S.W. Asia 100k yrs ago S.W. Asia 60k yrs ago Australia 60k yrs ago Australia 40k yrs ago Europe & Siberia 40k yrs ago Europe & Siberia 13k yrs ago Americas Today Big Eras 3-9 10k years ago Big Era 2 Big Era 1

Language Homo sapiens had language They exchanged complex ideas. They found new ways of doing things New Ideas Learning Language Shared Ideas

Collective Learning Built knowledge and skills Called collective learing Only animal able to do this.

Storing up and building on new skills and new knowledge is what set our species on the path of continuing cultural changes that led to the world we now live in. Towers, Kuwait City, Today Great Zimbabwe, Southern Africa, 1300-1500 CE Monte Alban, Oaxaca, Mexico, 200 BCE Photos by Ross E.. Dunn

Acceleration of human culture From about 40,000 years ago, archaeological evidence shows faster and faster cultural change. The engraved horse panel in the Cave of Chauvet-Pont-D’Arc in southern France. The image is about 31,000 years old. Humans began to create art. Also, they made more specialized tools. They began to develop semi-permanent structures. Venus of the Kostenki I site in Russia dated to about 23,000 years ago. This stone female head is wearing headgear of woven basketry. Horse panel photo (http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/chauvet) Headgear photo New York Times, Dec. 14, 1999. Photo: Bill Wiegand, University of Illinois.)

T: Neanderthals Disappearance By 100,000 years ago Neanderthals were living from Spain to Inner Eurasia. They had a long record of living successfully but they somehow disappeared about 28,000 years ago.

Did Homo sapiens meet Neandertals? Approximate geographical range of Neandertals, 100,000-28,000 years ago Approximate geographical range of Homo sapiens by 28,000 years ago

So what do you think is so special about Homo sapiens? What does it mean to be human? Why does human history matter? Stay tuned for Big Era Three!