Review over Unit Three

I will need your help during this review… Raise your hand to help finish the sentences or answer the questions.

Reproduction A type of reproduction in which organisms are derived from one parent and are genetically identical to that parent is called __________ Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Meiosis Mitosis

A type of reproduction in which organisms are derived from one parent are genetically identical to that parent is called Asexual Reproduction

Name three types of Asexual Reproduction 1 2 3

Binary Fission Budding Fragmentation

Which Type?

Fragmentation

Which Type?

Budding

Which Type

Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction? A) Genetic Variation B) Do not need to find a mate C) Takes more time than sexual reproduction D) All of these are advantages

Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction? A) Genetic Variation B) Do not need to find a mate C) Takes more time than sexual reproduction D) All of these are advantages

Sexual reproduction Asexual Reproduction Mitosis Meiosis A type of reproduction in which organisms are derived from two sex cells and offspring inherit traits from both parents is called ____________________ Sexual reproduction Asexual Reproduction Mitosis Meiosis

Sexual reproduction Asexual Reproduction Mitosis Meiosis A type of reproduction in which organisms are derived from two sex cells and offspring inherit traits from both parents is called ____________________ Sexual reproduction Asexual Reproduction Mitosis Meiosis

Offspring that reproduce by sexual reproduction have a) genetically identical DNA to a parent b) Half the number of chromosomes as parents c) Have genetic variation d) Twice double the amount of chromosomes as the parents

Offspring that reproduce by sexual reproduction have a) genetically identical DNA to a parent b) Half the number of chromosomes as parents c) Have genetic variation d) Twice double the amount of chromosomes as the parents

Offspring that reproduce by sexual reproduction have a) genetically identical DNA to a parent b) Half the number of chromosomes as parents c) Have genetic variation d) Twice double the amount of chromosomes as the parents

Cell Cycle

When organisms grow they must Make new cells Move around Consume food Make larger cells

When organisms grow they must Make new cells Move around Consume food Make larger cells

_______ is the division of the nucleus during cell division Meiosis Mitosis Fission fragmentation

_______ is the division of the nucleus during cell division Meiosis Mitosis Fission fragmentation

Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. ___________

Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. PROPHASE

Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. PROPHASE Homologous chromosomes attach to spindle fibers along the equator of the cell. 2. ___________

Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. PROPHASE Homologous chromosomes attach to spindle fibers along the equator of the cell. 2. METAPHASE

Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. PROPHASE Homologous chromosomes attach to spindle fibers along the equator of the cell. 2. METAPHASE Chromosomes are pulled apart and travel to opposite ends of the cell. 3. ___________

Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. PROPHASE Homologous chromosomes attach to spindle fibers along the equator of the cell. 2. METAPHASE Chromosomes are pulled apart and travel to opposite ends of the cell. 3. ANAPHASE

Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. PROPHASE Homologous chromosomes attach to spindle fibers along the equator of the cell. 2. METAPHASE Chromosomes are pulled apart and travel to opposite ends of the cell. 3. ANAPHASE Two nuclear membranes form around two new sets of chromosomes. Mitosis is complete! 4. ___________

Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. PROPHASE Homologous chromosomes attach to spindle fibers along the equator of the cell. 2. METAPHASE Chromosomes are pulled apart and travel to opposite ends of the cell. 3. ANAPHASE Two nuclear membranes form around two new sets of chromosomes. Mitosis is complete! 4. TELOPHASE

________________- Process that creates sex cells. Meiosis

Division ocures Twice and So the number of Chromosomes is reduced by half.

In humans, a gamete (sex cell) has _____ chromosomes inside the nuclei. 46 23 92 4

In humans, a gamete (sex cell) has _____ chromosomes inside the nuclei. 46 23 92 4

Fungi

Characteristics of the fungi kingdom 1. _______________- Have a nucleus. 2. Cell Walls made of _______________. 3.Mostly _____________, except for yeast, which is __________________.

Characteristics of the fungi kingdom 1. __Eukaryotic___- Have a nucleus. 2. Cell Walls made of _______________. 3.Mostly _____________, except for yeast, which is __________________.

Characteristics of the fungi kingdom 1. __Eukaryotic___- Have a nucleus. 2. Cell Walls made of ___Chitin___. 3.Mostly _____________, except for yeast, which is __________________.

Characteristics of the fungi kingdom 1. __Eukaryotic___- Have a nucleus. 2. Cell Walls made of ___Chitin___. 3.Mostly _Multicellular__, except for yeast, which is ____Unicellular____.

Break down the remains of dead organisms Scavengers Autotrophs Heterotrophs Decomposers

DECOMPOSERS- Break down the remains of dead organisms They absorb the nutrients into their cells by diffusion or the process of ___________.

DECOMPOSERS- Break down the remains of dead organisms They absorb the nutrients into their cells by diffusion or the process of _Endocytosis_. (Active Transport- requires energy)

4 Groups of Fungi!

How are Fungi classified? Divided into major groups based on structure and reproduction Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black bread mold

Zygomycetes http://mercury. bio. uaf

How are Fungi classified? Divided into major groups based on structure and reproduction Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black bread mold Ascomycota- The sac fungi ex: yeast

http://mercury. bio. uaf http://mercury.bio.uaf.edu/courses/biol105/Lectures/Section4/4b4d1_31_06.jpg

How are Fungi classified? Divided into major groups based on structure and reproduction Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black bread mold Ascomycota- The sac fungi ex: yeast Basidiomycota- The club fungi ex: mushroom

Basidiomycota http://mercury. bio. uaf

Basidiomycota http://mercury. bio. uaf

How are Fungi classified? Divided into major groups based on structure and reproduction Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black bread mold Ascomycota- The sac fungi ex: yeast Basidiomycota- The club fungi ex: mushroom Deutermycota- The imperfect fungi (no known sexual life cycle) ex: Penicillium

Deutermycota: Ex: Penecillium Imperfect fungi

Which of the following is a benefit of fungi Helps to make medicines Used to make cheeses and breads Recycle nutrients into the soil for plants All of these are benefits

Which of the following is a benefit of fungi Helps to make medicines Used to make cheeses and breads Recycle nutrients into the soil for plants All of these are benefits

Which of the following is a disease caused by a fungus Tuberculosis Ringworm Streptococcus Poison ivy rash

Which of the following is a disease caused by a fungus Tuberculosis Ringworm Streptococcus Poison ivy rash Can also cause Thrush and Athlete’s foot

This is a picture of what type of symbiotic relationship

This is a picture of what type of symbiotic relationship Lichen- Algae and a fungus

What mutualistic relationship is this between a plant and a fungus?

What mutualistic relationship is this between a plant and a fungus? Mycorrhizae Fungus absorbs more water for the plant, and the plant provides sugars and a place for the fungus to live.

Succession __________________- occurs when then was no pre-existing community and begins with the formation of soil. Secondary succession Primary succession Tertiary succession Disturbance

Succession Primary Succession __________________- occurs when there was no pre-existing community and begins with the formation of soil. Secondary succession Primary succession Tertiary succession Disturbance

_________ are called pioneer species because they help in the formation of soil by breaking down rock.

Lichen are called pioneer species because they help in the formation of soil by breaking down rock.

Forest Ecosystem Biome Climax Community ___________________- is a full growth community dominated by hardwood trees. Forest Ecosystem Biome Climax Community

Climax Community

Primary Succession Secondary Succession Tertiary Succession ____________________- occurs after a disturbance and is the regrowth of a community. Primary Succession Secondary Succession Tertiary Succession Disturbance regrowth

Secondary Succession

Name three examples of a disturbance

1. Which of the following is an omnivore? Killer Whale c) Adelle Penguin Elephant Seal d) Algae

1. Which of the following is an omnivore? Killer Whale c) Adelle Penguin Elephant Seal d) Algae

2. Which of the following is an carnivore? Elephant Seal c) Adelle Penguin Krill d) Cod

2. Which of the following is an carnivore? Elephant Seal c) Adelle Penguin Krill d) Cod

3. How many producers are there in this diagram? 2 d) Not enough information

3. How many producers are there in this diagram? 2 d) Not enough information

4. What food source do the krill and penguin compete for? Cod c) Small animals and unicellular org. Squid d) Algae

4. What food source do the krill and penguin compete for? Cod c) Small animals and unicellular org. Squid d) Algae

5. What population would increase with the increase fishing of cod? Elephant seal c) Killer Whale Squid d) Leopard Seal

5. What population would increase with the increase fishing of cod? Elephant seal c) Killer Whale Squid d) Leopard Seal