Chapter 11-1 Vocabulary Parliamentary Democracy System of democratic government where the executive power is held by a cabinet composed of members the legislature; headed by a prime minister Constitutional Monarchy Government in which a king or queen is the official head of state, but elected officials run the government Peat Wet ground with decaying plants that can be dried and used for fuel Bog Low swampy land

Discussion Notes 11-1: The United Kingdom and Ireland I. The United Kingdom A. The UK includes 4 regions: __________, Wales, Scotland, and ______________. B. Manufacturing and ___________ are the leading exports. The UK must import 1/3 of its food due to lack of farmland. C. The UK has a __________ ____________, a form of government in which voters elect members to Parliament. Leader is a prime minister. D. The UK is also a ___________ _____________ headed by a queen. E. _____ live in cities and towns. London is the most populated city. II. The Republic of Ireland A. Its called the “_________ ___________” because of its green meadows and tree-covered hills. England N. Ireland trade Parliamentary Democracy Constitutional Monarchy 90% emerald isle

B. Much of the area is made up of _____ which is dug up from bogs. C. ___________ is important, but most employed by manufacturing. D. Ireland has ____________ with the British throughout history. E. In 1922, the southern part of Ireland gained its _______________ from the UK, but the northern part remained with the UK. F. Today, fighting exists between ______________ (Catholic) and ______________ (Protestant) over religion and unifying Ireland. G. 2 official languages are English and _____________. Discussion Notes 11-2: France and the Benelux Countries I. France A. The ___________ country in western Europe. It has mountains, a large plain, and several rivers B. The economy depends on ______________ and manufacturing. peat Farming clashed independence Ireland N. Ireland Gaelic largest farming

C. France produces more __________ than any other country in Europe and is second to the U.S. in the world. D. They speak French and 90% are __________ ____________. E. Their government is a ____________ headed by elected officials. F. 3/4 live in cities and __________ is their capital and largest city II. The Benelux Countries A. Belgium 2 main cultural and language groups. In the north, __________ speak Flemish. South, __________ speak French. B. Netherlands is one of the most ______ populated countries in the world. Netherlands means “lowlands” because 1/2 is below the sea. C. The Dutch create ___________ to drain land from the sea. D. 90% live in cities and towns, _____________ is the capital and largest city. food Roman Catholic republic towns Flemings Walloons densely polders Amsterdam

E. Luxembourg is one of Europe’s ____________ countries. F. The country is ______________ which has many multinational companies, firms that do business in several countries. Discussion Notes 11-3: Germany, Switzerland, and Austria I. Germany A. It lies in the ___________ of Europe and has many rivers. B. The ___________, in western Germany, is one of the most important industrial centers in the world. C. The ______________, known for its scenery, has suffered severe damage from acid rain. D. Germany is a __________ ___________, in which the national and state governments share power. E. One of Germany’s challenges is ____________ of East and West. smallest prosperous heart Ruhr Black Forest Federal Republic reunification

II. Switzerland and Austria A. The ________ make up the landscape of these two countries. B. Switzerland has practiced ___________ due to location of the Alps. C. Switzerland is a thriving ___________ nation and its rich farmlands on located on its plateau. D. Switzerland has many different ___________ and religious groups. They have 4 national languages German, French, Italian, and Romansch. Most speak German. E. The Alps cover _________ of Austria. F. Austria has a strong, __________ economy. Most speak German and practice Roman Catholic. The capital is Vienna. Discussion Notes 11-4: The Nordic Countries I. Norway - includes many _______, steep-sided valleys that are inlets Alps neutrality industrial ethnic 3/4ths varied fjords

A. Norway is a ___________ country that exports oil and fish. B. Its ____________ is a parliamentary democracy with a monarchy. C. In 1994, it voted ______ to the European Union to keep its wealth. II. Sweden - is a __________, industrial country. A. It has an abundant of ______resources including iron ore and forests. Sweden is a “________ ________” a country that uses tax money to pay for education, low medical costs, and affordable rent. III. Denmark and Iceland A. Denmark is located on the ___________ peninsula and Iceland was ruled by Denmark for centuries. B. Iceland is the _________ of hot springs and geysers. C. Iceland’s economy depends on __________. 99% of Icelanders live in urban areas. More than 1/2 live in the capital of Reykjavik. wealthy government no wealthy natural welfare state Jutland land fishing

Discussion Notes 11-5: Southern Europe I. The Iberian Peninsula A. Spain and Portugal share the peninsula. The _________ Mts. separate Spain and France. B. ________ farming is practiced since the soil is so poor. C. Spain is the leading producer of _______ ______ and Portugal’s leading export is ________. D. Portugal is a “__________” culture while Spain is made up of many cultures. II. Italy - sticks out into the _________ of the Mediterranean Sea. A. Italy has changed from an agricultural to a leading _________ nation. B. _________ between the rich, industrialized north and the poor south. Pyrenees Dry olive oil cork unified center industrial Rivalry

C. ________ lives and works in the Vatican City.(Rome, Italy) D. ________ is crisscrossed by canals and relies only on boats. III. Greece - made up of ________ islands in which only 170 have people living on them. A. It has one of the _________ industrialized economies in Europe. It has to import foods, fuels, and manufactured goods. B. It has poor, ______ soil, but grows crops of olives for oil and wine. C. Greece has one of the largest ________ fleets in the world. Tourism is also important. Pope Venice 2000 least stony shipping