current loop https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Computer terminal Historical Typically terminals communicate with the computer via a serial port, often using an RS-232 or a current loop serial interface https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Railgun - Mathematical formula as the length of the current loop increases https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Cathode - Etymology He fundamentally defined his arbitrary orientation for the cell as being that in which the internal current would run parallel to and in the same direction as a hypothetical magnetizing current loop around the local line of latitude which would induce a magnetic dipole field oriented like the Earth's https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Modem - History Modems grew out of the need to connect teleprinters over ordinary phone lines instead of the more expensive leased lines which had previously been used for current loop–based teleprinters and automated telegraphs. In 1942, IBM adapted this technology to their unit record equipment and were able to transmit punched cards at 25 bits/second. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Anode - Etymology He fundamentally defined his arbitrary orientation for the cell as being that in which the internal current would run parallel to and in the same direction as a hypothetical magnetizing current loop around the local line of latitude which would induce a magnetic dipole field oriented like the Earth's https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Coilgun Coilguns are distinct from railguns, as the direction of acceleration in a railgun is at right angles to the central axis of the current loop formed by the conducting rails https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

RS-232 - Connectors Presence of a 25-pin D-sub connector does not necessarily indicate an RS-232-C compliant interface. For example, on the original IBM PC, a male D-sub was an RS-232-C DTE port (with a non-standard current loop interface on reserved pins), but the female D-sub connector on the same PC model was used for the parallel Centronics printer port. Some personal computers put non-standard voltages or signals on some pins of their serial ports. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

RS-232 - Related standards A 20 mA current loop uses the absence of 20 mA current for high, and the presence of current in the loop for low; this signaling method is often used for long-distance and optically isolated links https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Control flow - Early exit from loops When using a count-controlled loop to search through a table, it might be desirable to stop searching as soon as the required item is found. Some programming languages provide a statement such as break (most languages), exit, or last (Perl), whose effect is to terminate the current loop immediately and transfer control to the statement immediately following that loop. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Electrical reactance - Inductive reactance An inductor consists of a coiled conductor. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction gives the counter-emf (voltage opposing current) due to a rate-of-change of magnetic flux density through a current loop. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Alarm management - Alarm problem history The sensors relayed their information to the control instruments via 4-20 mA current loop in the form of twisted pair wiring https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Telex - Development The first option, sometimes called local or Current loop|loop service, provided a 60 milliampere loop circuit from the exchange to the customer teleprinter https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Amazon tax - California Ross, The San Francisco Chronicle, January 19, 2011 This legislation will close the current loophole in tax law which has allowed out-of-state companies to avoid collecting California sales and use tax, stated Skinner https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Attention - Neural correlates of attention * Through top-down sensitivity control, higher cognitive processes can regulate signal intensity in information channels that compete for access to working memory, and thus give them an advantage in the process of competitive selection. Through top-down sensitivity control, the momentary content of working memory can influence the selection of new information, and thus mediate voluntary control of attention in a recurrent loop (endogenous attention). https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Magnetic field - History From the outside, the field of a dipole of magnetic charge has the exact same form as that of a current loop when both are sufficiently small. Therefore, the two models differ only for magnetism inside magnetic material. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Magnetic field - Amperian loop model and the B-field After Oersted discovered that electric currents produce a magnetic field and Ampere discovered that electric currents attracted and repelled each other similar to magnets, it was natural to hypothesize that all magnetic fields are due to electric current loops. In this model developed by Ampere, the elementary magnetic dipole that makes up all magnets is a sufficiently small Amperian loop of current I. The dipole moment of this loop is where is the area of the loop. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Magnetic field - Magnetic torque on permanent magnets The Amperian loop model also predicts the same magnetic torque. Here, it is the field interacting with the Amperian current loop through a Lorentz force described below. Again, the results are the same although the models are completely different. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Magnetic moment - Current loop definition Practitioners using the current loop model generally represent the magnetic field by the solenoidal field 'B', analogous to the electrostatic field 'D'. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Magnetic moment - Magnetic moment of a solenoid A generalization of the above current loop is a coil, or solenoid. Its moment is the vector sum of the moments of individual turns. If the solenoid has N identical turns (single-layer winding) and vector area 'S', https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Magnetic moment - Units For example, in the Magnetic moment#Current loop definition|current loop definition, the area is measured in square meters and I is measured in Ampere (unit)|amperes, so the magnetic moment is measured in ampere–square meters (A m2) https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Magnetic moment - Force on a moment force, proportional to the magnetic field gradient, acting on the magnetic moment itself. There has been some discussion on how to calculate the force acting on a magnetic dipole. There are two expressions for the force acting on a magnetic dipole, depending on whether the Magnet#Two models for magnets: magnetic poles and atomic currents|model used for the dipole is a current loop or two monopoles (analogous to the electric dipole). https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Magnetic moment - Force on a moment The force obtained in the case of a current loop model is https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Magnetic moment - Magnetic dipoles A magnetic dipole is the limit of either a current loop or a pair of poles as the dimensions of the source are reduced to zero while keeping the moment constant. As long as these limits only applies to fields far from the sources, they are equivalent. However, the two models give different predictions for the internal field (see below). https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Dipole For the current loop, the magnetic dipole moment points through the loop (according to the right hand grip rule), with a magnitude equal to the current in the loop times the area of the loop. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Dipole However, to the best of our knowledge, the electron's magnetic moment is not due to a current loop, but is instead an intrinsic property of the electron https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Dipole The only known mechanisms for the creation of magnetic dipoles are by current loops or quantum-mechanical spin (physics)|spin since the existence of magnetic monopoles has never been experimentally demonstrated. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Electricity meter - Communication methods Often, meters designed for semi-automated reading have a serial port on that communicates by infrared LED through the faceplate of the meter. In some multi-unit buildings, a similar protocol is used, but in a wired bus using a serial port|serial current loop to connect all the meters to a single plug. The plug is often near a more easily accessible point. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Building Automation - Types of inputs and outputs Analog inputs are used to read a variable measurement. Examples are temperature, humidity and pressure sensor which could be thermistor, Current loop#Process-control use|4-20 mA, 0-10 volt or platinum resistance thermometer (resistance temperature detector), or wireless sensors. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Programmable Logic Controller - Discrete and analog signals Current loop|Current inputs are less sensitive to electrical noise (i.e. from welders or electric motor starts) than voltage inputs. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

MEMS magnetometer - Voltage sensing The location of the current loop enables a more uniform Lorentz force distribution compared with the aforementioned U-shape cantilever beam https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter - Transmitting and receiving serial data Historically, current (in current loops) was used in telegraph circuits https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

EIA-232 - Related standards A 20mA digital current loop interface | current loop uses the absence of 20mA current for high, and the presence of current in the loop for low; this signaling method is often used for long-distance and optical isolator|optically isolated links https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Thermoelectric - Seebeck effect This was because the metals responded differently to the temperature difference, creating a current loop and a magnetic field https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

IEC 62056 * IEC 62056-21:2002, Direct local data exchange (3d edition of IEC 61107) describes how to use COSEM over a local port (optical or current loop) https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

IEC 62056 - IEC 62056-21 The physical media are usually either modulated light, sent with an LED and received with a photodiode, or a pair of wires, usually modulated by a 20mA current loop https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Highway Addressable Remote Transducer Protocol - Modes In point-to-point mode, the digital part of the HART protocol can be seen as a kind of digital current loop interface. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Curie temperature - Weiss domains and surface and bulk Curie temperatures The angular momentum of an electron is either +ħ/2 or - ħ/2 due to it having a spin of ½, which gives a specific size of magnetic moment to the electron; the Bohr Magneton. Electrons orbiting around the nucleus in a current loop create a magnetic field which depends on the Bohr Magneton and magnetic quantum number. Therefore the magnetic moments are related between angular and orbital momentum and affect each other. Angular momentum contributes twice as much to magnetic moments than orbital. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

State Grid Corp - History It also has an alternating current loop line in the Yangtze river delta, and three longitudinal alternating current lines that bring power to Southern China from the Northern region. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

REXX - Repetitive loops A program can break out of the current loop with the leave instruction, which is the normal way to exit a do forever loop, or can short-circuit it with the iterate instruction. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Teleprinter - Teleprinter operation More than two teleprinters could be connected to the same wire circuit by means of a current loop. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Teleprinter - Teletypesetter In later years the incoming 6-bit current loop signal was coupled directly into a minicomputer or mainframe for storage, editing, and eventual feed to a phototypesetting machine. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

HP 2640 - Functionality For example, more memory (providing larger scrollback capability) could be easily added, the serial interface could be changed from RS-232 to current loop, etc https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

PDP-11 - LSI-11 The CPU microcode includes a debugger: firmware with a direct serial interface (RS-232 or current loop) to a Computer terminal|terminal https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Dumb terminal - Popular VDUs * RS232 serial ports (25-pin, ready to connect to a modem, yet some manufacturer-specific pin usage extended the standard, e.g. for use with 20-mA Digital current loop interface|current loops) https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Dumb terminal - Dumb and Intelligent Terminals Typically terminals communicate with the computer via a serial port via a null modem cable, often using an EIA RS-232 or RS-422 or RS-423 or a Digital current loop interface|current loop serial interface https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Teletype Model 33 - Interface As the price of electronic terminals dropped in the late 1970s, the current loop was gradually replaced by an RS-232 interface. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

PDP-8 - Input/Output Over time I/O systems such as DECtape|magnetic tape, RS-232 and current loop dumb computer terminal|terminals, punched card readers, and magnetic disk|fixed-head disks were added https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Java keywords - List :Used to resume program execution at the end of the current loop body. If followed by a label, continue resumes execution at the end of the enclosing labeled loop body. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Stayin' Alive - Beginnings After listening to the drum track of the already-recorded Night Fever, the group and producer Albhy Galuten selected two bars from that track, re-recorded them as a recurrent loop on a separate tape, and proceeded with sessions for Stayin' Alive https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Dumb terminals - Early VDUs * RS-232 serial ports (25-pin, ready to connect to a modem, yet some manufacturer-specific pin usage extended the standard, e.g. for use with 20-mA Digital current loop interface|current loops) https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

SAE J1772 - Signaling The pilot line circuitry examples in SAE J1772:2001 show that the current loop CP-PE is connected permanently via a 2740Ω resistor making for a voltage drop to from +12V to +9V when a cable is hooked up to the charging station which activates the wave generator https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

RSTS/E - Communication The connection might be a local computer terminal with a 20 Ampere|mA current loop interface, an RS-232 interface (either local serial port or remote connection via modem), or by an ethernet connection utilizing DECnet or LAT https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

⛽ - Communications components The technology for communicating with gas pumps from a point of sale or other controller varies widely, involving a variety of hardware (RS-485, RS-422, current loop, and others) and proprietary software protocols. Traditionally these variations gave pump manufacturers a natural tie-in for their own point-of-sale systems, since only they understood the protocols.[http://www.ifsf.org/Software/IFSF%20Management%20Intro%20-%20V3.01.pdf IFSF Management Intro, sec 1.1 Background history] https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Snubber - Electrical systems Inductive elements are often unintentional, but arise from the current loops implied by physical circuitry https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Intelligent buildings - Types of inputs and outputs Analog inputs are used to read a variable measurement. Examples are temperature, humidity and pressure sensors which could be thermistor, Current loop#Process-control use|4-20 mA, 0-10 volt or platinum resistance thermometer (resistance temperature detector), or wireless sensors. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Remote Terminal Unit - Analog inputs An RTU can monitor analog inputs of different types including 0-1mA, Current loop#Analog|4–20mA current loop, 0–10V., ±2.5V, ±5.0V etc. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Access Control Systems - Access control system topologies '1. Serial controllers.' Controllers are connected to a host PC via a serial EIA-485|RS-485 communication line (or via 20mA current loop in some older systems). External RS-232/485 converters or internal RS-485 cards have to be installed, as standard PCs do not have RS-485 communication ports. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Synchronous Data Link Control or Current loop|loop facilities, on switched or dedicated, Two-wire circuit|two-wire or Four-wire circuit|four-wire circuits, and with full-duplex and half-duplex operation.. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Switching amplifier - Electromagnetic interference * Avoid inductive coupling from various current loops in the power stage into the wiring. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Signal conditioning - Applications Types of devices that use signal conditioning include signal filters, instrument amplifiers, sample-and-hold amplifiers, isolation amplifiers, signal isolators, multiplexers, bridge conditioners, analog-to-digital converters, digital-to-analog converters, frequency converters or translators, voltage converters or inverter (electrical)|inverters, frequency-to-voltage converters, voltage-to-frequency converters, current-to-voltage converters, current loop converters, and charge converters. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

4-20 mA In electrical signalling (telecommunication)|signalling an analog 'current loop' is used where a device must be monitored or controlled remotely over a pair of conductors. Only one current level can be present at any time. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

4-20 mA Given its analog nature, current loops are easier to understand and debug than more complicated digital fieldbuses, requiring only a handheld digital multimeter in most situations. Using fieldbuses and solving related problems usually requires much more education and understanding than required by simple current loop systems. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

4-20 mA Additional digital communication to the device can be added to current loop using HART Protocol. Digital process buses such as FOUNDATION Fieldbus and Profibus may replace analog current loops. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

4-20 mA - Process-control use Since input terminals of instruments may have one side of the current loop input tied to the chassis ground (earth), analog isolators may be required when connecting several instruments in series. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

4-20 mA - Process-control use (A 4-wire instrument has a power supply input separate from the current loop.) Another loop may contain two passive chart recorders, a passive pressure transmitter, and a 24 V battery https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

4-20 mA - Long circuits Analog current loops were occasionally carried between buildings by dry pairs in telephone cables leased from the local telephone company. 4–20mA loops were more common in the days of analog telephony. These circuits require end-to-end direct current (DC) continuity. DC continuity is not available over a microwave radio, optical fibre, or a multiplexed telephone circuit connection. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

4-20 mA - Discrete control These devices can be employed for any remote control need a designer might imagine. For example, a current loop could actuate an evacuation Siren (noisemaker)|siren or command synchronized traffic signals. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

4-20 mA - Two-way radio use The office would have a remote control unit that would operate the taxi company base station over a current loop circuit https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Fieldbus - Description This would be the equivalent of the currently used Current loop|4-20 mA communication scheme which requires that each device has its own communication point at the controller level, while the fieldbus is the equivalent of the current local area network|LAN-type connections, which require only one communication point at the controller level and allow multiple (hundreds) of analog signal|analog and Digital data|digital points to be connected at the same time https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Pseudovector - Physical examples Consider an electrical current loop in the plane that inside the loop generates a magnetic field oriented in the z direction https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

List of computing and IT abbreviations - A * Active current loop|ACL—Active Current Loop https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Hydrogen line - Cause This logic fails here because the electron is not spatially displaced from the proton, but encompasses it, and the magnetic dipole moments are best thought of as tiny current loops https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

8085 - Development system A lower cost SDK-85 System Design Kit board was provided with an 8085 CPU, 8355 ROM containing a debugging monitor program, 8155 RAM and 22 I/O, 8279 hex keypad and 8-digit 7-segment LED, TTY (Teletype) 20mA current loop serial interface. Pads were available for one more 2Kx8 8755 EPROM and another 256byte RAM 8155 I/O Timer/Counter could be optionally added. All data, control and address signals were available on dual pin headers and a large prototype area was provided. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Magnetic field strength - History From the outside, the field of a dipole of magnetic charge has the exact same form as that of a current loop when both are sufficiently small https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

1960s two-way radio remote control consoles used direct current loops Tone remote - History 1960s two-way radio remote control consoles used direct current loops https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

UART - Break condition The spacing condition of a current loop line is indicated by no current flowing, and a very long period of no current flowing is often caused by a break or other fault in the line https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Digital current loop interface For Digital signal|digital serial communications, a 'current loop' is a communication interface that uses electrical current|current instead of voltage for signaling. Current loops can be used over moderately long distances (tens of kilometres), and can be interfaced with opto-isolator|optically isolated links. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Digital current loop interface - History A digital current loop uses the absence of current for high (space or break), and the presence of current in the loop for low (mark) https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Digital current loop interface - Electrical characteristics The maximum electrical resistance|resistance for a current loop is limited by the available voltage. Current loop interfaces usually use voltages much higher than those found on an RS-232 interface, and cannot be interconnected with voltage-type inputs without some form of level translator circuit. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Digital current loop interface - Examples * MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a digital current loop interface. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Digital current loop interface - Examples * The HART Protocol is a digital current loop interface designed to be compatible with analog current loop wiring. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Single-board microcontroller - Communications and user interfaces Early systems might implement a serial port to provide RS-232 or current loop https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Stellar magnetic field - Field generation Because the major currents flow in the direction of conductive mass motion (equatorial currents), the major component of the generated magnetic field is the dipole field of the equatorial current loop, thus producing magnetic poles near the geographic poles of a rotating body. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Exhibition Place - Public transit The first loop began operations in 1916 and was located at the current loop location. In 1923 the loop was relocated to the southeast near the Princes' Gate. With the construction of the National Trade Centre it was re-located back to the original location in 1996. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Atlanta Marathon - Route From 1997 to 2009, about 90% was run along the same course used for the 1996 Summer Olympics, ending near Turner Field (built as Centennial Olympic Stadium in the A-FC stadium parking lot). The current loop course, takes in many major sites within Atlanta, including the Olympic rings. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

Teletype Model 28 - Interface There were different kinds of Model 28 interfaces that included Rotary Dial, current loop and polar signaling. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-current-loop-toolkit.html

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