Late Gothic 1814-1848

Romantics: a reminder The Enlightenment Romaticism Reason Passion/ emotion Human Nature Nature Man over Nature Nature over Man Forward Looking Backwards Looking/ Nostalgic Satirises the Middle Ages Embraces the Middle Ages

Think about/ research how each of these affected Gothic Literature What historical, social and political factors would have changed perceptions and therefore literature in the mid-1800s? The French Revolution Mary Wollstoncraft’s Vindation of the Rights of Women Romantic Revolution against the didactic role of art Freud’s The Uncanny The Industrial Revolution Anything else? Think about/ research how each of these affected Gothic Literature

4. How do you think people felt about newfound knowledge in the mid 19th century? 1. What would people in the mid 19th Century have been afraid of? Why? Fear 3. What knowledge was new in the 19th century? 2. What do you think Gothic writers’ responses to people’s fear would have been? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8ka3HLrT3c Remind yourself about the theme of forbidden knowledge in The Gothic

Late/ Early Victorian Gothic Writers in this period often adopt the Gothic genre as a means to explore taboo subjects forbidden by ‘Victorian’ morality. Their texts explore the dark recesses of Georgian/Victorian society and the private desires, perversions and degeneration that lurk behind the façade of respectability. Research late gothic writers such as Mary Shelley, Edgar Allan Poe and R.L. Stevenson. What taboo subjects do they tackle?

What do you know about Frankenstein? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwnuDgLD0Ks Written as part of a short ghost story competition. Built upon elements of the context, such as: The electricity that brought a frog back to life…https://www.insidescience.org/news/science-made-frankenstein The age of revolution… https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of- Europe/The-age-of-revolution Paradise Lost (the monster reads the text, initially identifies with Adam and later identifies with Satan). Classical myths: ‘The Modern Prometheus.’ http://www.greekmythology.com/Titans/Prometheus/prometheus.html and The story of Faust

The framing narrative: Frame Narratives are often used in novels (particularly Gothic novels) of the mid and late 19th century. This creates confusion over what is real/definite, piecing together rumour, folklore, local history, diaries, letters. - Frankenstein is told from the narrative viewpoint of Dr Robert Walton, who meets Victor Frankenstein and hears his story. - In Wuthering Heights Bronte also uses a framing narrative: Lockwood speaks to Nelly (Catherine’s nanny) and so the story is twice removed from the original. SO LOOK OUT FOR FRAMING NARRATIVES IN GOTHIC EXTRACTS, ESPECIALLY FROM THE MID AND LATE 19TH CENTURY!

Why might Late and Victorian Gothic writers have used framing narratives? As a device, the frame narrative reveals much about the Gothic storyteller. By this, I refer to those characters who claim a manuscript, who frame a tale, in order to allay their own anxieties by exerting a power over the truth and a control over those represented within and these Gothic characters are obsessed with containment as a means of establishing their own self-narratives. D. Southward

As a class, annotate this extract from chapter 5 of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818) ....I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs. How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavoured to form? His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful! Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and straight black lips. In this extract, Victor Frankenstein first sees, and is terrified by, his creation – the monster. Annotate this passage carefully. How does Shelley use features of The Gothic? How does Shelley reference contextual factors in her writing?

Homework: Using the full extract from Frankenstein (on the Learning Space) write a critical appreciation of this passage, relating your discussion to your reading of the Gothic. Remember: AO1: 12.5% (argument/ interpretation), AO2: 75% (analysis/ discussion of the writer’s use of language, form and structure), AO3: 12.5% (links to the Gothic in context).

Women in Gothic Literature https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xn2UhKXJwE What does Burns say about: Women in early Gothic fiction? Women in late Gothic fiction? Can you think of any examples of women who are more than just ‘victims’ in Gothic texts? Now read the short critical article ‘Female Characters in Gothic text.’ What do you learn about female characters/ writers and how they changed in the mid 1800s?

Read the extracts from Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights How do both extracts present women? What features of the Gothic can you find?

The Yellow Wallpaper (1892) Charlotte Perkins Gilman had no way of knowing that a story she wrote in 1892 would one day be regarded as a classic in feminist literature. The gothic tale of “The Yellow Wallpaper” has become just that, although it took nearly a century to find a truly understanding audience. Early readers were appreciative of the sheer horror of the tale, and, indeed, it still stands as a wonderful example of the genre. But it was not until the rediscovery of the story in the early 1970’s that “The Yellow Wallpaper” was recognized as an early feminist indictment of Victorian patriarchy. This story contains many typical gothic trappings, but beneath the conventional façade lies a tale of repression and freedom told in intricate symbolism as seen through the eyes of a mad narrator. http://www.lonestar.edu/yellow-wallpaper.htm Read and annotate the extract from the novella, considering the presentation of women and looking out for features of the gothic.

Parody in late Gothic Literature Look up plot summaries of Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey and Thomas Love Peacock’s Nightmare Abbey. What attitudes and insights do these novels reveal about: a) the Gothic as a genre? b) the readers of Gothic novels? Do you think that Austen and Peacock saw the Gothic as a ‘serious’ genre? How would you describe the novels named above? Are they imitations, parodies or pastiches? Read ‘The Comic Gothic’ (on The Learning Space).

Northanger Abbey (1818), Jane Austen How does Austen use features of the early and high Gothic periods? How does she use language to create a sense of parody? What contextual features do you think would have influenced the ways in which Austen writes?

Now: Read the extract from Northanger Abbey, annotating it for features of the Gothic. In pairs, plan a critical appreciation of the extract. Remember: AO1: 12.5% (argument/ interpretation), AO2: 75% (analysis/ discussion of the writer’s use of language, form and structure), AO3: 12.5% (links to the Gothic in context).

Homework: Read the article ‘The Female Gothic: Then and Now.’ What more do you learn about the role of women in Gothic literature? Extension: Read the article from emag on Northanger Abbey as a gothic text (on The Learning Space).