Proper Names in Geography Seminar: Advanced Translation Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography Outline Definitions Scientific/Linguistic Approach Translation of Cities – A Theory Tips and Recommendations EU Guidelines Continents Countries And Their Inhabitants Regions Cities Rivers The Use of the Definite Article Exercises Sources Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography Definitions (according to Oxford Dictionaries Online ) Proper noun noun   [compare Old French propri nom (1155; Middle French, French nom propre)] ‘a name, consisting of a proper noun or noun phrase including a proper noun, that designates an individual person, place, organization, tame animal, ship, etc., and is usually written with an initial capital letter’ Toponym noun [compare Greek topos 'place' and onuma 'name‘] ‘a place name, especially one derived from a topographical feature‘ Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography 2. Scientific/Linguistic Approach   ENDONYM and EXONYM Definitions according to UNGEGN (UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names) Examples: München – Munich España – Spain ‘Name of a geographical feature in one of the languages occurring in that area where the feature is situated.’ ‘Name used in a specific language for a geographical feature situated outside the area where that language has official status, and differing in its form from the name used in the official language(s) where the geographical feature is situated.’ Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

3. Translation of Cities – A Theory Proper Names in Geography 3. Translation of Cities – A Theory   Firenze – Florenz – Florence; Krakow – Krakau – Cracow; Bruxselles – Brüssel – Brussels ≙ old European towns/cities founded in antiquity or the Middle Ages  use of exonyms Chicago – Chicago – Chicago; Toronto – Toronto – Toronto; Buenos Aires – Buenos Aires – Buenos Aires ≙ more recent cities on the American continent  use of endonyms Theory: The names of ancient cities are changed in different languages, whereas more recent ones stay the same. BUT: Exceptions: Amsterdam – Amsterdam – Amsterdam ≙ Amsterdam is an old European city  no use of exonym The aforementioned theory is not a general rule! Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography 4. Tips and Recommendations - If no commonly used exonym is available, use endonym! - When using endonyms, be consistent! - If there are too many endonyms, use exonym! (e.g. The Alps) - Recommendation of the UN: minimize use of exonyms in international usage, especially in scientific/academic context. - When there is doubt about translating a proper name, consult a dictionary or find an official document that serves as a primary source. Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography 5. EU Guidelines The EU publishes  an Interinstitutional Style Guide in 23 languages all spoken in the EU.: http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-000100.htm  obligatory for all those employed by the institutions of the EU who are involved in preparing EU documents and works The Directorate-General for Translation of the European Commission publishes its own English Style Guide: http://ec.europa.eu/translation/english/guidelines/documents/styleguide_english_dgt_en.pdf similar website initiated by the US Board on Geographic Names http://geonames.usgs.gov/index.html Consult these websites for dependable information! Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography 6. Continents   Source: http://www.preschoolbystormie.com/continents.jpg, 28.11. 2012. Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography 7. Countries And Their Inhabitants Always consult your dictionary and the internet (EU Guidelines, US Board on Geographic Names) for the correct names and spelling! Adjectives and names of the inhabitants are not always the same. To form the plural of a countries' inhabitants, add an –s. Words ending in -man and -woman change to -men and –women IMPORTANT EXCEPTIONS: Swiss and names that end in -ese (Ex. Japanese) stay the same Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography Countries and Their Inhabitants: Examples Burma - Burmese Denmark - Danish - a Dane Iceland - Icelandic - an Icelander Mali - Malian (the) Netherlands - Dutch - a Dutchman, Dutchwoman Peru - Peruvian Poland - Polish - a Pole (the) United Arab Emirates - Emirati Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography 8. Regions Anglicize those names with translations in the Country Compendium. Leave others in the native spelling, without inverted commas. Anglicize if the English has wide currency, e.g. the Black Forest, the Ruhr. Otherwise retain original spelling and accents. Regional products are a frequent example: a Rheinhessen wine, the eastern Périgord area, the Ardèche region (NB: it is useful to add ‘region’ or ‘area’ in such cases) Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Regions Baltic Sea Coast North Sea Coast Luneburg Heath Uckermark Saxon Swizer- land Regions Baltic Sea Coast North Sea Coast Luneburg Heath Uckermark Lusatia Saxon Swizerland Rhine Valley Black Forest

Federal States changed: Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania Lower Saxony Saxony Anhalt Saxony Thuringia North Rhine-Westphalia Hesse Rhineland-Palatinate Bavaria

Proper Names in Geography 9. Cities – Further Examples   Cologne – Köln Moscow Prague Vienna Warsaw Athens Rome Further Tipp: Do not just simply translate names! Freiburg = Freecastle an der Saale = by the Saale but: Halle, a city by the Saale Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography 10. Rivers Moselle for Mosel  only if the context is solely of the country Rhine for Rhein Danube for Donau Thames for Themse Nile for Nil Elbe is Labe in Czech If included at all, the word ‘river’ normally precedes the proper name (the River Thames), unless it is regarded as an integral part of the name (the Yellow River). In either case, it takes a capital letter.   Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography 11. The Use of the Definite Article source: Murphy. Essential Grammar Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography German Borders Germany shares borders with __ Netherlands, __ Belgium, __ Luxemburg and __ France in __ West, with __ Switzerland and __ Austria in __ South and with __ Czech Republic and __ Poland in __ East. The frontiers to __ West follow natural features for a relatively short stretch of __ River Rhine between Basel and Karlsruhe; __ southern boarder is marked by __ Swiss and Bavarian Alps. Further eastwards the mountain ranges of __ Bohemian Forest and __ Erzgebirge divide Southern and Eastern Germany from __ Czech Republic. Germany's principal sea harbors are __ Hamburg at the mouth of the Elbe on __ North Sea Coast, and __ Rostock, which has direct access to __ Baltic Sea. Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography Names with ‘Republic’/ ‘States’ ‘Kingdom’/ ‘Union’ the Dominican Republic the Soviet Union the United Kingdom the USA Oceans/ Seas/ Rivers/ Canals/ Gulfs the Pacific the Dead Sea the Nile the Panama Canal the Persian Gulf Deserts the Gobi Desert the Sahara the Gibson Desert Forests the Black Forest the Vienna Woods the Bavarian Forest source: Murphy. Essential Grammar Peninsulas and Archipelagos the Iberian Peninsulas the Malaya Archipelago Directions and Points on the Globe the north/ south/ east/ west (of) the North Pole Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography source: http://divinitymusings.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/mind-the-gap.jpg Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography Continents/ Countries/ Cities Europe Iraq, Iran, Switzerland, Turkey Miami Streets Fifth Avenue Front Street Sheppard Rd Single Islands Corsica Jamaica Prince Edward Island Squares and Parks Time Square Hyde Park Single Mountains Mount Everest Uluru (Ayers Rock) Lakes/ Bays/ Falls Lake Titicaca, Hudson Bay Victoria Falls source: Murphy. Essential Grammar Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography Countries the former Czechoslovakia Streets the Strand the Mall the High Isle of … the Isle of Man the Isle of Wight Bay of … the Bay of Fundy the Bay of Bengal source: http://img5.imagebanana.com/img/nl6r3568/gehalt_stolperfalle.jpg Groups of Islands the Bahmas the British Isles German Mountains the Matterhorn the Zugspitze Ranges of Mountains the Alps the Andes Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography German Borders Germany shares borders with the Netherlands, __ Belgium, __ Luxemburg and __ France in the West, with __ Switzerland and __ Austria in the South and with the Czech Republic and __ Poland in the East. The frontiers to the West follow natural features for a relatively short stretch of the River Rhine between Basel and Karlsruhe; the southern boarder is marked by the Swiss and Bavarian Alps. Further eastwards the mountain ranges of the Bohemian Forest and the Erzgebirge divide Southern and Eastern Germany from the Czech Republic. Germany's principal sea harbors are __ Hamburg at the mouth of the Elbe on the North Sea Coast, and __ Rostock, which has direct access to the Baltic Sea. Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography 12. Exercises 1. Die Türkei und die ehemalige Tschechoslowakei bemühten sich 1991 um die Aufnahme in die EG. Turkey and the former Czechoslovakia sought admission to the European Community in 1991. 2. Die Pakistanische Fußballnationalmannschaft reiste 1969 in den Iran und errangen einen 2:1 Sieg gegen den Irak. In 1969, the Pakistan national soccer team travelled to Iran an scored/ achieved a 2–1 victory against Iraq. Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography Exercises continued 4. Man wächst an der Themse anders auf als an der Spree, am Bodensee oder am Inn. On the Thames people grow up differently from the way they do on the Spree, Lake Constance and the Inn. 5. Im Vergleich zum Großglockner oder dem Dachstein stellte der Mount Snowdon keine Herausforderung dar. In comparison to the Großglockner or the Dachstein, Mount Snowdown was no / didn’t present any challenge. Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz

Proper Names in Geography 13. Sources Bokor Language Service: http://www.bokorlang.com/journal/28names.html, 28.11.12 Castañeda-Hernández, Gilberto. “Navigating through Treacherous Waters: The Translation of Geographical Names.” Translation Journal 8.2 (2004). Humphrey, Richard.Grundkurs Übersetzen Deutsch-English. Stuttgart: Klett, 2007. Jordan, Peter / Orožen Adamič, Milan / Woodman, Paul (eds.): Exonyms and the International Standardisation of Geographical Names. Approaches towards the Resolution of an Apparent Contradiction. Wien, Berlin 2007 ( = Wiener Osteuropastudien 24). MAP: http://mapsof.net/uploads/static-maps/germany_regions_map.png , 28.11.2012. Murphy, Raymond.EssentailGrammar in Use: A self-studyreferenceandpracticebookfo elementarystudentyof English.Third Edition. Cambridge: UP, 2009. Oxford Advanced Dictionary. 7th edition. Oxford: UP, 2007. Oxford Dictionaries Online, http://www.oxforddictionaries.com,28.11.2012. Oxford English Dictionary: http://wwwdb.dbod.de:2173/view/Entry/152660?redirectedFrom= Proper+noun#eid90452093, 28.11.2012 Preschool by Stormie: http://www.preschoolbystormie.com/continents.jpg, 28.11. 2012. Seminar: Advanced Translation - Patricia Niemöller - Cindy Traste - Elisabeth Freymann  - Tina Schulz