Culture We could use two films here, so we want lots of extra time. What to cut out? Dangerous minds is good hopefully for expectancy and equity theory. Dead Poets Society is internal / external

What People Say… “It was a good job, but I just didn’t fit in.” Session 2-4 - Culture and Org Communication BA 210 - Lecture Notes, Part 2 What People Say… “It was a good job, but I just didn’t fit in.” “The company’s values weren’t my values.” “Everything was just too ___________.” Formal Chaotic Competitive These all involve the organization’s culture.

Culture Defined in an organization that influence how people act Session 2-4 - Culture and Org Communication BA 210 - Lecture Notes, Part 2 Culture Defined A system of shared meanings and beliefs in an organization that influence how people act

Levels of Culture Espoused values – Session 2-4 - Culture and Org Communication BA 210 - Lecture Notes, Part 2 Levels of Culture Artifacts – visible organizational structures and processes Espoused values – strategies, goals, philosophies (espoused justifications) Basic Assumptions – unconscious, taken-for-granted beliefs, perceptions, thoughts and feelings (ultimate sources of values and actions) Levels of culture from:, E. Schein, 1999, The Corporate Culture Survival Guide, Jossey Bass.

Where does culture come from? Session 2-4 - Culture and Org Communication BA 210 - Lecture Notes, Part 2 Where does culture come from? Often reflects a founder’s values and vision The culture of this class comes from my experiences in organizations, as a student, as a teacher Is built from shared experiences and success. Has been called the “residue of success” – reflects social learning about what works Also reflects the industry, national and societal culture

Pervasive Influence of Culture in Organizations Session 2-4 - Culture and Org Communication BA 210 - Lecture Notes, Part 2 Pervasive Influence of Culture in Organizations Filters what individuals see, how they interpret it, what they can do to take action. Once established, culture tends to be very stable Can be changed, with difficulty, in times of crisis by strong leaders

Describing Culture – 7 underlying dimensions These are descriptive and are helpful in understanding how the company works, and you can make plausible links to whether they’ll lead to high performance. The textbook and the cango exercise is useful to get a good handle on these. Session 2-4 - Culture and Org Communication BA 210 - Lecture Notes, Part 2 Describing Culture – 7 underlying dimensions

Common Types of Organizational Cultures BA 210 - Lecture Notes, Part 2 Session 2-4 - Culture and Org Communication Common Types of Organizational Cultures Bureaucratic Clan Entrepreneurial Market

Bureaucratic Culture (“Command and Control”) MULTI was one of these Bureaucratic Culture (“Command and Control”) Formalization Rules Standard operating procedures Hierarchical coordination

Clan Culture Tradition Loyalty Personal commitment MULTI was one of these Clan Culture Tradition Loyalty Personal commitment Extensive socialization Teamwork

Adhocracy (Entrepreneurial) Culture MULTI was one of these Adhocracy (Entrepreneurial) Culture High levels of risk taking Dynamism Creativity

Market Culture Achievement of measurable and demanding goals MULTI was one of these Market Culture Achievement of measurable and demanding goals Especially those that are financial and/or market-based Very contractual arrangement

Cultural Dimensions Bureaucracy Clan Entrepreneurial Market Session 2-4 - Culture and Org Communication BA 210 - Lecture Notes, Part 2 Cultural Dimensions Bureaucracy Low risk taking, high attention to detail, high stability Clan High people and team orientation Entrepreneurial High risk orientation, low stability. Likely to be some of: high people, high team, high outcome, high aggressiveness Market High outcome orientation and risk taking

How is Culture Translated? Session 2-4 - Culture and Org Communication BA 210 - Lecture Notes, Part 2 How is Culture Translated? Ceremonies Rites (of passage, initiations) Rituals Stories Myths Heroes Symbols Language

Strong vs. Weak Cultures Session 2-4 - Culture and Org Communication BA 210 - Lecture Notes, Part 2 Strong vs. Weak Cultures Strong cultures: Key components of culture are intensely held and widely shared Strong cultures are associated with Greater influence on employees More committed employees But strong cultures aren’t always good Cults!

Summary Levels of Culture Dimensions Archetypes Translating Culture When are cultures good or bad?