Description of project intervention sites Project inception workshop By: Dr Birhanu, Gerba & Kebebe ILRI-Addis 28 September 2010

Distribution of human population Woreda Population Women Men Total Average persons/HH Jeldu 102,796 99,859 202,655 7 Diga 35,145 33,765 68,910 Fogera 207, 120 8 Source: WoARD

Historical/occupational/ trend analysis landuse/cover change Population has been booming over the last few decades Forest clearing for cultivation of terrain and fragile land has been concurrently growing particularly in Jeldu & Diga woreda during the last couple of decades Concept & practice of NRM has been introduced during the Derge regime along with emerging disaster owing to natural and anthropogenic factors (the approach is, however, top-down) Other than Fogera, the current efforts to arrest and reverse the growing land degradation problem is marginal Overall, the need for managing land & water is emerging but constrained largely by shortage of resources and skill

Predominant crops and farming systems Woreda Predominant crops along agro-ecology Highland Midland Lowland/FP/* Remark Jeldu Barley, wheat, potato-livestock Wheat, barley, teff-livestock Sorghum, maize, teff-livestock Mixed crop-livestock system is a common practice for all sites. Diga --- Teff, millet, maize-livestock Maize, sorghum, sesame-livestock Fogera Barley, Niger seed, wheat, –livestock Rice, maize, millet, teff-livestock ---- Source: WoARD * Flood plain

Landuse patterns of the study sites

Livestock population of the woreda

Crop-livestock contribution to the livelihood (source of income) Woreda Percent contribution (on average) Livestock Crop Jaldu 30 70 Diga Fogera 33 67

Characterizing rainfall, altitude & agro ecology Woreda Mean annual RF (mm) & its distribution Altitude (m asl) Agro-ecology (%) Jaldu 900-1350 (seldom unpredictable with erratic & erosive nature) 1325-3200 Lowland (25), Midland (30) & Highland (45) Diga 1376-2037 (uniform and & torrential) 1140-2342 Midland (40) Lowland (60) Fogera 974-1516 (Fluctuate/erratic) 1774-2400 Midland/plain(75) Highland (25)

Land feature & soil types Woreda Land feature Soil types Jaldu Undulating /rolling Diverse shallow soil (Leptic)* Acidity is highly prevailing Low fertility mng’t practices Diga Undulating midland to relatively flat lowland Dynamic soil types b/c changes in landuse- Histic Nitosols *is common Acidity is widespread problem Fogera Flat plain and steep highland Utric vertisol (plain) & leptosol (highland)* * Specific soil types will be verified in the future

Prevailing problems & opportunities for intervention Woreda Issues(problems) Opportunities Jeldu Severe land degradation & high level of poverty shortage of farm/grazing land Accelerated erosion & productivity decline Poor land management Growing soil acidity Widespread food insecurity (23/38) Large livestock popn with poor mng’t Livestock disease & lack access to improved breed Erratic & errosive rainfall Expansion of Eucalyptus plantation Ideal climate for introduction of highland fruits and feeds Numerous small streams & rivers for expansion of irrigation Growing awareness on intensification of livestock mng’t Available local market for livestock & their product Relative disease free area for potato & access to its seed Emerging public interest for land & water mng’t Access to technology through research support (EIAR)

Issues & opportunities… Woreda Issues/problems opportunities Diga Soil erosion & land degradation Farm & grazing land shortage Poor land & water management practice Soil acidity and termite infestation Poor livestock mng’t (feed, health, popn.) Shortage of drinking water in few kebeles Livestock disease Encroachment Good climate for growing crops Numerous perennial rivers for irrigation dev’t Nearby market for livestock & their products Growing livestock tethering practice that simplify intervention for mng’t Extension of gov’t effort on irrigation dev’t & livestock feeding Fogera Large livestock popn & associated feed shortage Shortage of improved breed Presence of NGO’s for promoting technologies (IPMS & EWNRA) Involvement of d/t research & dev’t organization Adequate water for irrigation Good awareness & initiative on NRM

Major Actors involved in the intervention sites: a) Government line offices: Woreda Office of Administration Woreda Office of Agriculture and Rural Development Woreda Livestock production & marketing Agency Woreda office of rural water resource Cooperative promotion office Regional government line offices (Agriculture, water) & Seed enterprises Federal and Regional Agricultural Research Institutes & Universities b) Private Enterprises/Associations Saving and credit Association Veterinary clinics (area specific) Traders (Retail and wholesaler)

Major actors… 4. Brokers c) NGOs (types and presence is area specific) 5. Farmers cooperative union 6. Farmers c) NGOs (types and presence is area specific) Hunger project Hope 2020 Jeldu woreda IPMS EWNRA Fogera No NGO is involving in Diga woreda.

Thank you!