Public and private certification schemes to facilitate market access for sustainably managed fisheries Sustainable Fisheries in the Black Sea Committee of the Regions Brussels, Belgium 7 June 2017 Victoria Chomo Senior Policy Officer Fisheries and Aquaculture sector FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia Budapest, Hungary

Livelihoods 880 million people rely on fish value chains for their livelihoods, 12% of global population 3 billion people rely on fish for more than 20% of their intake of animal protein (some countries as high as 50%) World population will reach 9.7 billion in 2050. How will our planet supply jobs and food for an additional 2.4 billion people?

76 % of estimated value of the sector is post-harvest Livelihoods 76 % of estimated value of the sector is post-harvest Fisheries US $ 100 billion Primary processing US $ 90 billion Secondary processing US $ 180 billion Distribution US $ 350 billion Aquaculture US $ 98 billion

Importance of fish trade US$ billion Most highly traded food commodity 60% of exports from developing countries Opportunity for Serbia; import processing and re-exports. Production of inland capture and aquaculture for export market. 2015-2016: estimates

Fish and Seafood Production to 2025 aquaculture capture Fish and Seafood Production to 2025 Capture fisheries has limited growth Aquaculture production is growing but at slower rate

Fisheries Governance

International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate IUU Fishing (IPOA-IUU) IPOA-IUU (2001) falls within the framework of: 1995 FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries 1993 FAO Compliance Agreement 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement Primary responsibility is the flag State, using all available jurisdiction in accordance with international law.

FAO Port State Measures Agreement PSMA blocks movement of undocumented fish into ports: prevents IUU fish products from entering markets and fish supply chains Removes the economic incentives for IUU fishing Entered into force on 5 June 2016. Ratified by 46 countries (includes European Union) as of May 2017. FAO provides capacity building for countries to implement the agreement: Legal framework, Enforcement, Infrastructure, Human capital

Promoting sustainable fish supply chains Monitoring, control and surveillance (MSC) of IUU vessels International cooperation, such as information sharing on IUU vessels (Global Record) Denying access to ports of IUU vessels (PSMA) National legislation to allow prosecution of IUU vessels Market Measures: Harmonize CD procedures to reduce costs of trade Certify products from verifiably managed fisheries  Traceability of legally caught fish along the chain of custody from vessel to consumer

Ecolabelling: 14% of global fish production (5.7% MSC; 6.2% FOS; 1.3% GLOBALG.A.P) Certified vs. conventional seafood production, 2015. Between 2003 and 2015, certified sustainable seafood (both aquaculture and wild catch) grew from 2.2 million mt (1.7% of global production) to 23 million mt (14% of global production) at a rate of 30% per annum (10 times faster than the growth of global seafood production over the same time period). Retail value in 2015 was $11.5 billion. SOURCE: Standards and the Blue Economy, ISSD, 2016 Geneva.

Five countries account for 65 percent of certified seafood production Global Distribution of Certified Seafood Production (2015) vs. Conventional Seafood Production (2013), by volume Source: IISD 2016

Role of FAO – Instruments and Guidelines

Benchmarking to the FAO Guidelines GSSI is a public-private partnership which aims to: increase consumer confidence in certified seafood; reduce duplication of supply chain costs; Increase transparency and comparability among eco-labels; and drive improvements in seafood certification schemes.

WTO and Eco-labels - Voluntary standard or regulation BACKGROUND: World Trade Organization (WTO) - multi-lateral rules based trading system - applies to government regulations Voluntary standards and 3rd party certification fall outside WTO rules and agreements Fish eco-labelling has entered WTO disputes EXAMPLE: The US – Tuna II (Mexico) (21.5) Compliance Dispute Ruling by WTO, the tuna label is a regulation and not a voluntary standard Sets a precedent for other national eco-labels to enter WTO dispute settlement Eco-labels entering disputes under the WTO, are they voluntary standards or govt regulations. National certification schemes are stepping over the line according to WTO rulings.

THANK YOU Victoria.Chomo@fao.org