The PALS PRE-K ASSESSMENT: Make it work harder for you Adapted from: Texas Family Literacy Resource Center

Objectives Understand why to assess at the early preschool level Identify and understand the benefits of implementing the entire assessment Review the procedures for administering the assessment Understand how to administer each part of the assessment Discuss and identify supporting activities

Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening A tool that measures young children’s understanding of emergent literacy fundamentals A direct method of matching early literacy instruction to specific literacy needs A way to recognize those children who are relatively behind in their emergent literacy development

So why administer the whole assessment? To identify general degree of literacy development for the children in your class Guide classroom instruction identify specific areas that may need increased attention For the class For individual students Identify children at risk for future reading difficulties Integrate info. obtained into parenting ed and ILA

Parts of Assessment Section I: Name Writing Section II: Alphabet Knowledge Part A: Upper-Case Alphabet Recognition Part B: Lower-Case Alphabet Recognition Part C: Letter Sounds Section III: Beginning Sound Awareness Section IV: Print and Word Awareness Section V: Rhyme Awareness Section VI: Nursery Rhyme Awareness

Name Writing – why is it important? Highly correlated with letter recognition, print knowledge, and concept of word Practice with name writing allows child to see that a group of letters can refer to people and objects Reading and writing are interrelated & develop concurrently

Why is alphabet recognition important? Early literacy research suggests that accurate, rapid naming of the letters of the alphabet is the single best predictor of early reading achievement. An essential tool in connecting print and speech Alphabet knowledge is currently viewed as one of the most accurate identifiers of a young child’s later risk for reading difficulties

Elements of Phonological Awareness – why are they important? These three areas of the PALS Pre-K are basic parts of phonological awareness: Beginning Sound Awareness Rhyme Awareness Nursery Rhyme Awareness Awareness of speech at the individual sound level is essential to learn sounds and match speech to print.

Print and Word Awareness – why is it important? Familiarity with books is an important precursor to learning to read Children need to know that: stories and other texts are written left to right spaces between words matter and there is a one-to-one correspondence between the words on a page and the words the reader says

The Building Blocks of Literacy Concepts Of Print How to “use books & print Alphabet Knowledge The shapes & sounds of letters Phonological Awareness The sounds of spoken language Oral Language Talking & listening

Sequence of PALS Pre-K Tasks Can be administered in suggested order or in order most convenient for teacher Suggested order for entire assessment: I. Name Writing II. Alphabet Knowledge III. Beginning Sound Awareness * IV. Print and Word Awareness V. Rhyme Awareness * VI. Nursery Rhyme Awareness * Do not administer III. And V. consecutively (in order to avoid confusion)

Administration & Scoring Time Required No time limit Usually 20-25 minutes Administration Management Recommend administered by classroom teacher If each section done separately, entire assessment should be completed in two weeks

MODIFICATIONS PreK Bilingual Program – be aware if child is in PreK Bilingual Assessment administered in English Response in English expected – if child responds in another language they are still displaying letter recognition Differentiate correct responses in English and those in another language on Summary Sheet for scoring later

Assessment Procedures Before the Assessment Familiarize yourself with contents of the instrument and manual & watch the video Complete name/date on form Set up the testing area Quiet location All materials needed are available and ready to use Minimize interruptions

Assessment Procedures During the Assessment Introduce the task right before you ask the child to complete it Administer practice items (more than once if needed) Monitor child carefully – offer encouragement If task too difficult and child frustrated – stop administration & indicate “task discontinued” on form Score each item – See next slide!

Section I: Name Writing Administration notes Ask child to write their name Ask child to draw a picture of themselves Instructions What to say Where - Child Summary Sheet (back page) Scoring Minimum score: 0, Maximum Score 7 Don’t score the drawing

Section II: Alphabet Knowledge Part A: Upper-Case Alphabet Recognition Administration Notes Show one row or one letter at a time Ask child to touch the letters or you can point to letters Instructions Tell child to put his/her finger on the first letter at the top of the page Say…(see script in teacher’s manual – pg. 15) Scoring Score responses on Child Summary Sheet & enter total number of correct responses in score box. Self-corrections are counted as correct answers. Must score 16 or more to continue to Part B.

Part B: Lower-Case Alphabet Recognition Administered only if scored 16 or more in upper-case Instructions Tell child to put his/her finger on the first letter at the top of the page Say…(see script – pg. 16) Scoring Score responses on Child Summary Sheet & enter total number of correct responses in score box. Self-corrections are counted as correct answers.

Part C: Letter Sounds Administered only if scored 9 or more in lower-case letters Instructions Say…(see script on pg. 17) Note: Pronunciation Guide (not looking for long vowel sound) Scoring Mark slash through incorrect answers Count correct answers Enter score in score box

Reminder: Pals PreK Process Alphabet Knowledge Part A Uppercase Letters Scored 16 or more correct answers? Yes Continue to Part B Part C Letter Sounds Continue to Part C Part B Lowercase Letters Scored 9 or more No Discontinue Testing

Section III: Beginning Sound Awareness Administration Notes Goal: for child to produce a beginning sound Task can be used as a teaching exercise – whether responds correctly or not – tell child what correct answer was as you sort the picture cards Instructions Show picture of target word  child repeats word  ask child to produce first sound (teacher sorts cards) Practice items can be repeated Administer assessment – script (pg. 19) If letter given – refocus to sound

Section IV: Print and Word Awareness Administration Notes While reading book – ask questions in script Familiarize yourself with the ten items in the task Script – pg. 24 Scoring Enter + or – on scoring sheet Enter number of correct answers in score box

Section V: Rhyme Awareness Administration Notes Do practice items – use as teaching exercise (give correct answer only here) Child can say the word or point to picture If child says another word that rhymes – redirect to choose from pictures on page Instructions Guide through practice items Administer test (repeat directions at any time)

Section VI: Nursery Rhyme Awareness Administration Notes Nursery rhymes read aloud and child gives missing word Practice items only time practice together Instructions Do practice items Administer assessment If child doesn’t say missing word after 5 seconds – provide the correct word and go to the next item.

FAQ’S Can I administer the assessment or instructions in Spanish? No, the test is to be administered in English. What if the child responds to letter names with letter sounds? Is it correct? No, if the child gives the sound only, redirect them to provide the letter NAME. If they give both the sound and the correct letter name – it is correct.

FAQs, cont. What if the child responds to letter names and/or sounds in Spanish or other language? Yes, if they respond correctly in Spanish or other language for letter name or sound – it is correct. It is still letter recognition. If a child is frustrated by PALS, may I stop administration? If a child is clearly frustrated by a task, you may open up the task.  For example, a child who struggles with alphabet recognition may be shown the entire alphabet recognition sheet and asked to identify any known letters.

Teacher’s Manual Chapter 3, Page 34

Now What?!

Now… Use the PALS Pre-K results and data to guide and plan your literacy curriculum!

Linking assessment with the curriculum When developing a curriculum, it is important to identify the goals one has for children’s learning Assessment information is a starting point for curriculum development The use of assessments (especially ongoing) provides the tools to re-align the curriculum

Supporting Activities PALS PreK website http://pals.virginia.edu/PALSInstruments/PALS-PreK.asp Activities, lesson plans, parent’s corner Colorín Coloradό http://www.colorincolorado.org/educators/questions/earlylit A bilingual site for families and educators of English Language Learners Get Ready to Read! http://www.getreadytoread.org/content/view/69/321/ Free, downloadable resources for the Get Ready to Read! Skill-building activity cards (English/Spanish)

References & Resources http://pals.virginia.edu/PALSInstruments/PALS-PreK.asp Ivernizzi, M. Using PALS Data to Plan Multi-tiered Intervention in Virginia. Retrieved July 10, 2007 from http://pals.virginia.edu. Justice, L.M., Pence, K., Bowles, R., & Wiggins, A. (2006). An investigation of four hypotheses concerning the order by which 4-year-old children learn the alphabet letters. Retrieved July 6, 2007 from http:www.sciencedirect.com. PALS and Reading First. Retrieved July 10, 2007 from http://pals.virginia.edu/Reading-First/PALS_ and_Reading_First.pdf .