LATITUDE, LONGITITUDE, MAPS
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
Question: How do you find a new friend’s house? You would need to know: The continent The country (assume the U.S.) The state The county The city The street The house #
Question: How do you find a location on the Earth? You need a reference system superimposed on the surface so they cross each other at right angles This is called Latitude and Longitude Latitude = angular distance north or south of the equator of a position on the Earth’s surface, measured in degrees
LATITUDE North pole N N N N N S S S S South pole S
LATITUDE Latitude begins at the equator (00 latitude) Other latitude lines are drawn around the Earth parallel to the equator Northward to 900 N, the North Pole Southward to 900 S, the South Pole Must indicate whether it is north or south Ex. Tropic of Cancer = 23.50 N Tropic of Capricorn = 23.50 S Arctic Circle = 66.50 N Antarctic Circle = 66.50 S Lines of latitude are also called “parallels”
LONGITUDE Longitude = angular distance east or west of the Greenwich Prime Meridian of a position on the Earth’s surface, measured in degrees Lines of longitude are also called “meridians” Formed at right angles to the latitude grid Begins at an arbitrary point 00 Longitude = Prime Meridian Prime Meridian extends from the north to the south pole
PRIME MERIDIAN
LONGITUDE It passes directly through the Royal Naval Observatory in Greenwich, England, just outside London On the exact opposite of the world is 1800 Longitude This approximates the International Date Line All lines of longitude are great circles The are 3600, encompassing the whole planet In latitude, only the equator is a great circle
LONGITUDE
LATITUDE & LONGITUDE To identify a particular spot on Earth’s surface, you need to use a crossing of latitude and longitude lines Latitude is listed first, then longitude Ex. 320 S, 430 W
MAPS
What is topography? Topography is the study of surfaces on Earth or study of illustrations of surfaces on Earth What is bathymetry? The study of the Earth’s underwater features/surfaces Profiles and contour maps are used to show topography
CONTOUR MAP Contour maps can reveal either hills or depressions
MAPS Maps = flat representations of Earth’s surface Maps distort the size or shape of surface features The only distortion-free map is a globe = 3-dimensional model of Earth Symbols are used on maps to depict surface features Legend = explains symbols on a map
MAPS Projections = takes the grid of latitude and longitude lines from sphere and converts them into a grid on a flat surface Latitude and longitude can intersect at right angles or be complex curves that intersect at various angles Four types: mercator, conic, polar, Eckhart (hoelzel)
MAPS Mercator = Latitude and longitude at right angles; shown as a rectangle Exaggerates distances at the poles
MAPS Conic map = projection showing the poles
MAPS Polar = projection showing the sphere with the pole at the center
MAPS Robinson/Eckhart (hoelzel) = Modified cylindrical projection where the poles are distorted
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE PRACTICE Name the continent: 1. 00 latitude, 300 E 2. 900 S, 00 longitude 3. 500 N, 1000 E 4. 520 N, 280 E 5. 300 S, 600 W Name the body of water: 6. 350 N, 150 E 7. 400 N, 1320 E 8. 400 S, 1600 E 9. 260 N, 850 W 10. 600 N, 820 W Be sure you are naming the CONTINENT!!! Be sure you are naming the BODY OF WATER!!!
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE PRACTICE Name the country: 11. 200 S, 1350 E 12. 750 N, 450 W 13. 330 N, 1380 E 14. 200 S, 450 E 15. 280 N, 1100 W Give the coordinates for: 16. Florida 17. Alaska 18. Italy 19. Caribbean Sea 20. Bay of Bengal Be sure you are naming the COUNTRY!!! Be sure you are naming the LATITUDE first!!!
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE PRACTICE 21. What is significant about 350 N, 680 E? 22. What are the coordinates for Greenwich, England? 23. What is located at 400 S, 1750 E? 24. What facility, important for our national defense, is located at 380 N, 1050 W (5- letter acronym?) 25. Although not visible on your map, what is located at 210 N, 1570 W?