Streptobacillus moniliformis “Rat-Bite Fever” M. Piechowski F2013 Modified by DYH Streptobacillus moniliformis “Rat-Bite Fever” The Microbe: Pleomorphic (rod, filamentous); typically arranged in chains Variable in size: 0.1 to 0.5 um up to 10 to 15 um. Gram-negative Nonmotile -Exists in two forms: it’s spontaneous L-form type is considered nonpathogenic. Extremely fastidious organism; needs microaerophilic conditions to grow. -Chemoorganotrophic Facultative anaerobe; strictly fermentative S. moniliformis seems to live natural as a member of the commensal flora in the upper respiratory tract of rats. (Rats are asymptomally colonized). As such, has an optimal temperature of 35-37 degrees C. Catalase and oxidase-negative enzymes. Chromosome: 1.662578 Mb. 2 Major contigs. Molecular percentage of G+C: 24-25% SCANNING ELECTRON MICROGRAPH OF S. MONILIFORMIS 9901T http://www.standardsingenomics.org/index.php/sigen/article/view/sigs.48727/131#t3 AttributeValue% of Total Genome size (bp)1,673,280100.00 %DNA coding region (bp)1,556,87093.04 %DNA G+C content (bp)439,73326.28 %Number of replicons2 Extrachromosomal elements1 Total genes1,566100.00 %RNA genes553.51%rRNA operons5 Protein-coding genes1,51196.49% Pseudo genes694.41% Genes with function prediction1,05467.31 %Genes in paralog clusters32120.50% %CRISPR repeats1 Info from: http://www.standardsingenomics .org/index.php/sigen/article/view/sigs.48727/131 http://blog.hygienesuppliesdirect.com/pest-control/get-rid-of-rats/

M. Piechowski F2013 Modified by DYH The Disease: RBF is commonly transmitted from scratches or bites of infected rodents or from consuming food or drink with the bacteria. No evidence of person-person transmission. The Disease characterizes symptoms of Fever, Vomiting, Headache, Sore Throat, Muscle pain, Joint pain and Rash. Symptoms occur 3-10 days after exposure. Rash appears as maculopapular (flat, reddened areas with small bumps) localized to hands and feet extending to extremities. If left untreated, 10% mortality rate. S. moniliformis virulence not well understood Alpha hemolysis Hemoaglutinin Rod form more virulent than cocci form Treatment: antibiotics. Penicillin most used. Wang and Wong BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:56   doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-56 Complete circular genome and plasmid sequencing http://www.standardsingenomics.org/index.php/sigen/article/view/sigs.48727/131