On-site Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel in the United States Timothy A. Frazier June 9, 2016

Quantities of Spent Nuclear Fuel in the United States Almost 75,000 MT of commercial spent nuclear fuel (SNF) Operating reactor sites Decommissioned reactor site About 2,300 MT of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Savannah River Site Idaho National Laboratory Hanford Site SaRaM

Commercial SNF by State SaRaM

Location of DOE SNF SaRaM Source: U.S. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board, 2016 SaRaM

On-site Storage Commercial DOE managed Dry storage Pool storage Approximately 25% Almost 2,300 casks in U.S. Almost 94,000 assemblies Pool storage Approximately 75% DOE managed 98% in dry storage SaRaM

Dry storage across the U.S. Source: NRC; August 2015 SaRaM

Maine Yankee Dry Storage SaRaM

Calvert Cliffs Dry Storage SaRaM

Callaway Nuclear Generating Station SaRaM

Wet vs. Dry Storage over Time Source: General Accounting Office; August 2012 SaRaM

Dry Spent Fuel Storage Designs 14 designs currently approved for General Use by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) AREVA TN - 5 BNF Fuel Solutions Corp - 1 Holtec - 5 NAC International - 3 SaRaM

On-site storage safety and security Commercial SNF Regulated by the NRC Part 72 – safety Part 73 – security DOE managed Mainly authorized by DOE Documented Safety Analysis Design Basis Threat Some storage regulated by NRC SaRaM

Public Acceptance American public’s view of on-site storage depends on status of nuclear power plant Public accepts storage at operating plants Some concerns over “re-racked” pools Prefer SNF moved to dry storage as soon as possible Acceptance around decommissioned sites is different Move fuel now Communities around decommissioned sites do not consent to continued storage Communities economic losses affect views SaRaM

Questions? Contact information: Tim Frazier tim@tafrazier.com 01-202-731-6454 SaRaM