Intro to motion MacInnes Science 10 2012.

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Presentation transcript:

Intro to motion MacInnes Science 10 2012

The movement of objects can be described by using words such as distance, displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration. These mathematical quantities which describe movement can be divided into two categories: vector and scalar Vectors : The amounts that are described by both a magnitude (size) and a direction. Ex: Go 200 kms (magnitude) West (direction). Scalar : The amounts that are described by magnitude (size) only. Ex: Go 200 kms.

Terms and units of motion Scalar Values which are not accompanied by a direction. Vector Values accompanied by a direction.

Examples of scalar vs vector Age Temperature Mass Distance walked by a person Speed by which a person walks Vector Displacement of a person to the North Velocity of a diver Force applied on an object which one pushes at an angle of 45 degrees.

Get it yet? Consider the following quantities. Decide whether each one is vector or scalar. 5m 30m/s East 5min. 20 °C 256 octets 4000 Calories

Motion Motion is the change of an object’s location during a period of time. An applied force often causes motion.

Reference point We describe motion using a reference point, a starting point used to describe the location or position of an object

Position An object’s distance and direction from a reference point.

Uniform motion Follows a straight line in a specific direction and at a constant speed. The trajectory is a straight line

Non-uniform motion Movement where the speed isn’t constant or the trajectory is not in a straight line The trajectory is curved.

Distance vs. displacement Jacob walks from his house to the store and then from his store back to his house while walking by the library to return a book.

Distance Symbolized by the letter d in an equation This is the total length travelled between two points.

Displacement The difference between the inital position and the final position of an object. The straight-line distance.

So… Displacement Distance Scalar value Vector value The length (or measure) between the starting point and the arrival point (end point). Accompanied by a direction travelled. Distance Scalar value The total length travelled without considering the direction travelled.

Therefore… His total distance travelled is 120 m but his displacement is 0 m South