Seal Support Systems for Rotating Equipment How the new API-682 standard can improve safety, performance, & reliability Presented by: Randy Rieken Global Chemical & Refining Manager Swagelok © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

References For Additional Support Mechanical Seal Manufacturers / Pump OEMs Local Swagelok Distributor API-682 (Redline version recommended) EPA.gov , EPA.gov/ok (local & federal emission regulations, LDAR best practices, etc.) © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

Cost of Failure Pumps essential for consistent, safe, & profitable operation Pump repairs consume ~7% of maintenance budget Pump failures = slowdowns, shutdowns, & lost revenue Pump failures can also lead to safety and environmental incidents, and often fires. Negative impacts can include equipment damage, downtime injuries, and even deaths The result is negative publicity, more frequent environmental agency audits, and remediation costs and fines. © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

What is API-682 API 682 is the leading “best practices” document for mechanical seals in petrochemical, chemical, and pipeline services worldwide. Common source of information on aspects of seal design, testing, standardization, and applications As seal technology has advanced, the standard has expanded to incorporate new seal designs, materials, seal selection guidance, and piping plans. © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

History of API-682 1st Edition Oct 1994 First complete seal Standard Default to proven sealing solutions 2nd Edition July 2002 Applications outside of refining Applications to non-API 610 pumps Advancements in sealing technology Creation of International standard (ISO 21049) 3rd Edition Sept 2004 3rd Ed API 682 was almost exactly same as 2nd Aligned API 682 with ISO 21049 Most changes were editorial 4th Edition May 2014 Revision and improvement of the standard Consideration of sealing technology advances Exchange of experience (seal failures) Eliminate unclear wording © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

Scope of API-682 Fourth Edition Purpose Specification of requirements for the selection and operation of shaft sealing systems In order to… Provide solutions that cover 80% of applications Target Improvement of equipment reliability and safety, reduction of emissions and life-cycle costs Industries Petroleum, natural gas, chemical Typical Pumps New and retrofitted centrifugal & rotary pumps Typical Fluids Water, caustic, some acids, hydrocarbons Mainly hazardous, flammable and/or toxic © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

Parameters of API-682 Fourth Edition Details Pressure (G) 0 … 40 bar Temperature -40 °C … +400 °C Shaft size From 20 … 110 mm Seals Pusher and bellows, single and dual seals, wet and gas-lubricated, contacting and non-contacting Seal qualification Test procedures and documentation Supply support systems Piping plans, instrumentation, accessories Scope New equipment, spare parts and equipment in upgrade projects Equipment / standards Centrifugal as well as rotary: API 610, ISO 3069, ASME B73.1, B73.2 and API 676 Industries Petroleum, natural gas and chemical © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

Seal Hierarchy Today’s Focus (Primarily Sec 8 & 9) © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

What is a Seal Support System? A sealing system consists of a sealing arrangement and external accessories to operate the seal arrangement in according to specified “piping plans”. The selection of the piping plans depends on the application & end-user needs. Seal Arrangement Piping Plans Process Side 01, 02, 03, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 41 Between Seals 52, 53A, 53B, 53C, 54, 55, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76 Atmospheric Side 51, 61, 62, 65A, 65B, 66A, 66B Engineered 99 New in Fourth Edition © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

Why is it Important? Research has shown that the biggest preventative measure of mechanical seal failure is the use of effective Seal Support Systems¹. This means that no matter how well designed your mechanical seal or bearing systems are, without a reliable Seal Support System there is still the possibility of your mechanical seal failing. ¹Stephen Flood, Performance Plus Ltd - “Mechanical Seal Reliability - What Realistically Can Be Achieved?” presented at The Mechanical Sealing Technology Seminar, I Mech E, London, April 07 © 2014 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

Important Changes in Fourth Edition… Impacting Safety, Reliability, & Performance Tubing vs. Pipe Tubing specifications added in Sec 8 Tubing & pipe calculations added in Annex F General guidelines to reduce pressure loss New material guideline tables for piping plans Barrier reservoir connection guidelines added in sec 8 and Annex F Friction loss calculations for both tubing and pipe added in Annex F © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

Important Changes in Fourth Edition… Impacting Safety, Reliability, & Performance © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

Important Changes in Fourth Edition… Impacting Safety, Reliability, & Performance Tubing vs. Pipe Tubing advantages (ASTM A269 316) Fewer connections Vibration tolerant Less susceptible to leaking Lower flow losses, drag, & pressure drop Lower total cost to install, maintain, & retrofit Can be welded (standard calls for >0.1” wall) © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

Important Changes in Fourth Edition… Impacting Safety, Reliability, & Performance Minimize Pressure Drop (Reference Sec 8.2) Length and number of fittings should be minimized All lines should slope up toward the reservoir at ½” per ft. using smooth radius bends & minimize connections © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

Important Changes in Fourth Edition… Impacting Safety, Reliability, & Performance Minimize Pressure Drop (Reference Sec 8.2) The total length of tubing/piping from the seal and the support system should not exceed 5M (16.4 feet) Lines connecting the barrier/buffer system to the seal: ½” min for shaft diameters < 60 mm ¾” min for shaft diameters > 60 mm © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

Important Changes… Impacting Safety, Reliability, & Performance Preference to Indicating Transmitters vs. Switches Switches can still be used if specified (section 9) Higher costs, but some clear advantages Local & remote monitoring Exact measurement vs. high and low Able to trend data for predictive maintenance Identify problems before they occur On-instrument diagnostics In-line calibration & testing © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

Piping Best Practices for Seal Systems Instrument Isolation & Testing Gauges shall be equipped with block-bleed valves (reference sec 9.4.2) Transmitters shall be equipped with a manifold to: Allow adjusting, and testing Allow actuating element without interfering with normal equipment operation Reference sec 9.5.1.7 © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

Piping Best Practices for Seal Systems Utility Tie-ins & Return (Reference Sec 8.2.24) Air, gas, water, return lines shall be manifolded to a common header The manifold size should be of sufficient dimension to handle the maximum flow of components that may require simultaneous use of the specified utility. Be able to isolate each utility drop Think about future additions when specifying manifold header © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

Piping Best Practices for Seal Systems General (sec 8.1) All seal auxiliary systems should have a vent (at highest point) as necessary to remove air / vapor All seal auxiliary systems should have drains (at lowest point) to safely remove liquids Drains & vents mounted vertically Operation, venting, and draining should be accomplished from grade © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

Questions? © 2016 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only

© 2014 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only