Session 2 Surveying potential contributions to the AR5 Gerald Rys (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry) IPCC Working Group III: Mitigation

Why contribute!! Enhancing NZ’s commitment to climate change globally Enhancing our science reputation and getting NZ science recognised Ensuring NZ perspectives are taken into account e.g. agriculture, planted forestry Getting personal recognition/satisfaction for your skills, knowledge and research

How you can contribute By contributing at the various stages of the process Chapter lead author Author Chapter reviewer Government reviewer By publishing your research By making sure that relevant authors/ reviewers are aware of your work

What are New Zealand’s Areas of Interest and Influence Agriculture particularly livestock Forestry particularly planted forestry Land use and land use change Energy particularly hydro, geothermal and wind. Non carbon-dioxide gases particularly methane and nitrous oxide from livestock Food, food security, forestry, fisheries and trade Tourism particularly distance Buildings particularly wood structures Not transport as we are a technology taker not a giver

Agriculture Policies and measures Agriculture research An ETS including agriculture and forestry Non price policies – research and technology transfer including sector engagement Agriculture research all major gases and metrics of comparing gases – e.g. GWPs Mitigation potentials vs real mitigation for livestock agriculture New mitigation technologies –abatement cost curves Measurement and uncertainty at all scales

Forestry Growth rates, species, environmental factors Soil carbon changes under forests Forest carbon pools Deforestation Harvested wood products Albedo effects Forestry in an ETS Permanence, uncertainty, risk, measurement

Soil carbon Absolute levels – factor influencing this How to build up soil carbon as a mitigation tool NZ special circumstances?? Erosion and impacts on soil carbon Carbonet - chair Frank Kellihar

Energy A national energy system based on renewable energy Hydro energy Geothermal energy Wind energy Biofuels based on wood – planted forests other resources

Working Group III: Mitigation Summary for Policy Makers Technical Summary Frequently Asked Questions (extracted from the chapters below) I INTRODUCTION II FRAMING ISSUES 2. Integrated Risk and Uncertainty Assessment of Climate Change Response Policies 3. Social, Economic and Ethical Concepts and Methods 4. Sustainable Development and Equity Mitigative capacity and mitigation Consumption patterns and carbon accounting – LCA – trade III PATHWAYS FOR MITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE 5. Drivers, Trends and Mitigation 6. Assessing Transformation Pathways 7. Energy Systems 8. Transport 9. Buildings – woods role - BRANZ 10. Industry 11. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) 12. Human Settlements, Infrastructure and Spatial Planning

11. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) [Note: All sections should consider regional specificities including as appropriate to developed and developing countries and economies in transition.] Introduction to integrated assessment of AFOLU Emission trends (including agricultural productivity) and drivers Competition and opportunities for land-use (energy, food, feed and timber production; housing, nature conservation, biodiversity and other land uses) Mitigation technologies and practices in forestry, agriculture (e.g. biochar) and livestock farming Mitigation effectiveness (non-permanence: human and natural impacts; displacement; saturation)

11. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) Systemic perspectives (including integrated land-use assessment) Synergies, tradeoffs and interactions with adaptation and other mitigation options Climate change feedback, natural disturbance and extreme events Environmental and other risks and uncertainties Co-benefits, tradeoffs, spill-over effects Opportunities and barriers (technological, physical, financial, institutional, cultural, legal, etc.) Sustainable development and behavioural aspects Costs and potentials Gaps in knowledge and data

IV. ASSESSMENT OF POLICIES, INSTITUTIONS AND FINANCE 13. International Cooperation: Agreements and Instruments 14. Regional Development and Cooperation South Pacific 15. National and Sub-national Policies and Institutions NZ experience - RMA, ETS 16. Cross-cutting Investment and Finance Issues

Who should contribute Research networks NzOnet nitrous oxide expert group chaired by Dr Cecile DeKlein MethaNet methane (ruminants) expert group chaired by Dr Harry Clark CarboNet soil carbon expert group chaired by Dr Frank Kelliher, network administrator - Carolyn Headley Composition - science, government policy and industry membership Focus – national inventory, measurement and mitigation incorporation into national inventory

Who should contribute New Zealand Research Centres Centre for Advance Engineering University of Canterbury - George Hooper Executive Director National understanding of emerging technologies and facilitating early adoption of advanced technology solutions. School of Forestry University of Canterbury - Bruce Manley - Head of School - planted forestry International Global Change Institute Waikato University - Janet Bornman Director - integrate knowledge on the natural and human dimensions of global environmental change NZCEE Massey University explores the links between the environment, economy and people.

Who should contribute New Zealand Research Centres New Zealand Climate Change Research Institute Victoria University, Martin Manning, climate change science and public policy Climate Change Centre David Wratt, NIWA, adaptation focus SLURI - Sustainable Land Use Research Initiative Brent Clothier, Plant and Food, soil sustainability including soil carbon Royal Society of NZ- NZ Climate Committee David Wratt New Zealand Biochar Research Centre Massey University - Jim Jones and Martha Camps

Who should contribute Centre for Agricultural GHG Research Objectives Develop a greater range of mitigation options focused on NZ’s agricultural GHG emissions sources and sinks Improve co-ordination of domestic agricultural GHG emissions research across all relevant sectors Exploit environmental and productivity co-benefits from GHG emissions research Maximise the potential to deliver practical GHG mitigation/abatement solutions on-farm to the agricultural sector

Peter Reads “Negative Emissions” Scenario Peter Read: died November 24, 2009. He was at a meeting in Brussels assessing bioenergy options in Africa. Peter Read was amongst the first to publicise the idea of achieving ‘negative emissions’ by combining bioenergy production with carbon capture and storage The IPCC fifth assessment process now includes a negative emissions scenario based on the use of biochar. It has been incorporated into the EU’s ‘Flagship Programme’ for carbon capture and sequestration.