National report of Poland 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland National report of Poland COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC) Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences (WUELS) University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (UWM) Military University of Technology (MUT) Zofia Bałdysz, Jarosław Bosy, Mariusz Figurski, Tomasz Hadaś, Paweł Hordyniec, Anna Kłos, Krzysztof Kroszczyński, Grzegorz Nykiel, Jacek Paziewski, Witold Rohm, Jan Sierny, Katarzyna Stępniak, Karolina Szafranek, Paweł Wielgosz, Karina Wilgan et al.

GNSS tomography for nowcasting (WUELS) Torrential rain associated with strong movements of the ascending air within the large convection cells Cb Tomography retrieved water vapour densities on 3 consecutive levels, convection cores should match with the increase of water vapour in bottom part (pool) and with sudden decreas of WV in cloud section (rain). Geo satellite cloud image National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

Assimilation of GNSS PW in WRF (WUELS) Comaprison of Td (left panel) and RH (right panel) with PW 3DVAR assimilated (red) and without (black), WRFDA, benchmark validated with RS. Wilgan et al. „ GNSS observations as a numerical weather prediction data source, first results for ZTD/IWV assimilation over Poland” National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

NRT service „WUEL” (Poland) & „WLIT” (Lithuania) networks (WUELS) Total: 310 stations Mean dist.: 40 km National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

Optimalization of ZTD stochastic modeling (WUELS) Optimum value for the ZTD random walk process in real-time analyses, depending on the station location and processing period. , details in presentation by Hadas T. et al. Mean variability of ZTD in 2013, 2014 and 2015 Global test network (IGS collocated with radiosondes), June 2013 Seasonal variation of mean ZTD variability (2013-2015) Hadas T. et al. „On troposphere delay stochastic modelling in precise real time GNSS applications” Results: ~8% of improvement (RT residuals vs IGS final ZTD) National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

Near-real time FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC atmospheric profiles GPS radio occultation (WUELS) Near-real time FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC atmospheric profiles Excess phase processing to dry atmospheric profiles Open Loop correction in the troposphere Radioholographic methods to resolve signal multipath: Full Spectrum Inversion (FSI) and Phase Matching (PM) Inverse Abel transform to retrieve refractive index profile Forward operator to bending angle Validation with respect to CDAAC atmPrf and radiosonde profiles: ± 100 km collocations up to 4 units residuals for refractivity Data from Taiwan Radio Occultation Process System (TROPS) will be included. National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

Papers and conferences (WUELS) Hordyniec P., Bosy J., Rohm W. Assessment of errors in precipitable water data derived from global navigation satellite system observations, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 129 No. , Amsterdam, the Netherlands 2015, pp. 69-77 Wilgan K., Zenith total delay short-term statistical forecasts for GNSS Precise Point Positioning, Acta Geodetica et Geomaterialia, Vol. 12 No. 4 (180), Prague, Czech Rep. 2015, pp. 335-343 Wilgan K., Rohm W., Bosy J., Multi-observation meteorological and GNSS data comparison with Numerical Weather Prediction model, Atmospheric Research, Vol. 156 No. , Amsterdam, the Netherlands 2015, pp. 29-42 CONFERENCES: Bosy J., Wielgosz P., Sub-Commission 4.3: Atmosphere Remote Sensing and 4.4: Multi-constellation GNSS of IAG Commission 4: Positioning and Applications, "Badania geodynamiczne z wykorzystaniem współczesnych osiągnięć geodezji", Józefosław, 19-20 October 2015 Hadaś T., Kapłon J., Bosy J., Towards Real-time GNSS Troposphere Delay Monitoring Service for Poland, 5th International Colloquium Scientific and Fundamental Aspects of the Galileo Programme, 27-29 October 2015, Braunschweig, Germany Hernández-Pajares M., Wielgosz P., Paziewski J., Krypiak-Gregorczyk A., Stępniak K., Bosy J., Kapłon J., Hadaś T., Orus-Perez R., Monte-Moreno E., Yang H., García-Rigo A., Olivares-Pulido G., Improved MSTID Modelling and Impact on Precise GNSS Processing, 5th International Colloquium Scientific and Fundamental Aspects of the Galileo Programme, 27-29 October 2015, Braunschweig, Germany Rohm W., Guzikowski J., Kryza M., Wilgan K., Hordyniec P., Kapłon J., GNSS observations as a numerical weather prediction data source, first results for ZTD/IWV assimilation over Poland, AGU Fall Meeting 2015, San Francisco, USA, December 14-18, 2015 Wilgan K., Rohm W., Bosy J., Hurter F., Geiger A., Tropospheric Profiles of Total Refractivity Based on Numerical Weather Prediction Model and GNSS Data Using the Collocation Software COMEDIE, AGU Fall Meeting 2015, San Francisco, USA, December 14-18, 2015 National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

NWM-derived tropospheric products for RTK positioning (UWM) Exploitation of Numerical Weather Model (NWM) - derived tropospheric products such as zenith tropospheric delays and mapping functions’ coefficients. In analyzed case study, the NWM-based tropospheric products stem from the Global Forecast System (GFS) of the National Centres for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Several permanent GPS stations of SAPOS active geodetic network located in the Alpine foreland were selected as a test network. The calculations were performed using in-house developed GNSS processing software – GINPOS – for selected days with different weather conditions. The results indicate on the advantage of the NWM derived products over standard models for tropospheric delay modelling in precise kinematic positioning. Time to fix in RTK positioning for selected troposphere modelling approaches Modified Hopfield NCEP derived tropo products National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

Improving reprocessing methods for climate monitoring (UWM) Determine the most accurate and homogeneous processing strategy to reprocess ground-based GNSS data for climate monitoring applications using PPP and DD solution in Bernese GNSS Software 5.2. Study on impact of a new network design strategy algorithm and tropospheric modeling approach on the quality and homogeneity of solutions. Using new strategy, the reprocessed ZTD series are much more continuous and homogeneous in comparison to the standard strategy. The results are validated with Precise Point Positioning solution and with respect to ERA-Interim reanalysis. Stępniak et al.: „Improved methods for reprocessing of GNSS data for climate monitoring over Poland” & STSM at IGN (France) Network of 138 GNSS stations (including 33 EPN stations, 105 from ASG-EUPOS stations) Time series of ZTD obtained from old and new baseline strategy, before screening for BILG station National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

Papers, conferences, interships (UWM) Papers and conferences (WUELS) Paziewski J, Wielgosz P, 2015, Accounting for Galileo-GPS inter-system biases in precise satellite positioning, Journal of Geodesy, Vol. 89(1), pp 81-93, DOI 10.1007/s00190-014-0763-3 Paziewski J, Sieradzki R, Wielgosz P, 2015, Selected properties of GPS and Galileo-IOV receiver intersystem biases in multi-GNSS data processing, Measurement Science and Technology 07/2015; 26(9):095008 Rzepecka Z., Kalita J., Stępniak K., Wielgosz P., 2015, Time series analysis of radio signals wet tropospheric delays for short-term forecast, Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia, V. 12, No. 4(180). CONFERENCES: Stępniak K., Bogusz J., Kłos A., Wielgosz P., Assesment of tropospheric delay estimation methods on Precise Point Positioning time series, 26th IUGG General Assembly, 22.06-2.07.2015, Prague, Czech Republic. Stępniak K., Bock O., Wielgosz P., Assessment of ZTD screening methods and analysis of water vapour variability over Poland, COST ES1206 Workshop, 11-14 May 2015, Thessaloniki, Greece. Paziewski J, Wielgosz P, Sieradzki R, Krukowska M, A study on selected aspects of GPS and Galileo observations integration in precise positioning, 5th International Galileo Science Colloquium, 27.10.2015 - 29.10.2015 Paziewski J, Wielgosz P, Krukowska M, Loose and tight combining: a comparative study for integration of multi-GNSS observations in precise relative positioning, 26th IUGG General Assembly, 22.06-02.-7.2015, Prague National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

EPN Repro2 (MUT) CAG MUT (together with WUT) plays a role of the EPN Analysis Combination Center. EPN Repro2 Project: coordinated by Christof Voelksen (BASH). Contribution of five EPN ACs (ASI, GOP, IGE, LPT, MUT). Period: 835-1824 GPS weeks (1996-2014) Differences in software, processing strategy… Combination on the NEQ level, BSW 5.2 software, RF: IGb08. Final combination uploaded to the BKG server in February 2016. Solution will be used for: troposphere solution (R. Pacione), cumulative solution (A. Kenyeres). Pacione R.: „EPN Repro2: a reference tropospheric dataset over Europe.” (ITA) National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

Various reprocessing campaigns for the purpose of climate monitoring. Study on the long ZTD TS for theclimate monitoring (MUT)   GAMIT_dd_ref GAMIT_dd_EPNr2_ind GAMIT_dd_EPN_r2_abs GAMIT_dd_20d GAMIT_dd_stp BERNE_dd_vmf BERNE_dd_gmf BERNE_ppp_vmf BERNE_ppp_gmf Software Gamit 10.50 Gamit 10.50   Gamit 10.50 Bernese 5.2 observation double differences  double differences double difference  PPP antenna calibration abs +ind abs +ind  absolute  abs +ind elevation mask 5°  5° 20° 5°  troposphere modeling VMF1  VMF1 STP_Niell VMF1  GMF loadings corrections FES2004 FES2004   FES2004 ATL (ECMWF CMT)  ATL (ECMWF CMT)  NT-ATML (FNCEP) NT-ATML (FNCEP)   NT-ATML (FNCEP) none ???? network 30 15-45 30   30 Various reprocessing campaigns for the purpose of climate monitoring. Bałdysz Z. et al. „ Influence of adopted GNSS processing strategy on long time changes in ZTD parameters.” National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

Analysis of ZTD Time Series from Reprocessed GPS Solutions (MUT) Collaboration with University of Luxembourg within WG3 (1 Short Term Scientific Mission – Feb/Mar 2016, Anna Kłos supervision of prof. F.N. Teferle). Analysis of BLT repro2 solution obtained as IGS TIGA working group. Analysis of ZTD time series: Homogenisation; Analysis of seasonal Variations; Elaboration of new approach to estimate new uncertainties of ZTD trend. Klos et al.: „Analysis of ZTD Time Series from Reprocessed GPS Solutions” National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

Papers and conferences (MUT) Kroszczyński, K., Angular Distributions of Discrete Mesoscale Mapping Functions . Acta Geophys. 63, 1126- 1149, DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2015-0035 Kroszczyński, K., Investigation of the properties of discrete mezoscale mapping functions. Acta Geophys. (in press). Bałdysz, Z., Nykiel, G., Figurski, M., Szafranek, K., and Kroszczyński, K., Investigation of the 16-year and 18-year ZTD Time Series Derived from GPS Data Processing. Acta Geophys. 63, 1103-1125, DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2015-0033 CONFERENCES: Bałdysz Z., Nykiel N., Araszkiewicz A., Figurski M., Szafranek K., Kroszczyński K.: "Comparison of GPS tropospheric delay obtained from two reprocessing campaigns for the purpose of climate monitoring", COST ES1206 Workshop, May 2015, Thessaloniki, Greece. Bałdysz Z., Nykiel N., Figurski M., Szafranek K., Kroszczyński K., Araszkiewicz A., :  - "Analysis of Zenith Tropospheric Delay above Europe based on long time series derived from the EPN data„, EGU General Assembly, April 2015, Vienna, Austria (EGU2015-9384). Bałdysz Z., Nykiel N., Araszkiewicz A., Figurski M., Szafranek K.: "Long time changes in Zenith Tropospheric Delay above Europe based on data obtained freom Repro 2 campaign", EUREF 2015 Symposium, Leipzig, Germany. Bałdysz Z., Nykiel N., Araszkiewicz A., Figurski M., Szafranek K.: "Analiza wieloletnich zmian parametrow troposferycznych ZTD pochodzacych z ponownego opracowania sieci EPN", Conference Satelitarne metody wyznaczania pozycji we współczesnej geodezji i nawigacji, September 2015, Dęblin, Poland. National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

Contact: Grzegorz Nykiel (grzegorz.nykiel@wat.edu.pl) Development of MUT Satellite Observatory (MUT) Project: "Development of Satellite Observatory of Centre of Applied Geomatics at Military University of Technology" (realized within the Regional Operational Programme of the Mazovian district 2007-2013, total values 1 100 000 EUR (funding level – 85%), completed in 2015) Spirent GSS9000 GNSS signal simulator Simulated frequencies: GPS (L1, L2/L2C, L5; C/A & P-Code) GLONASS (G1, G2; C/A & P-Code) Galileo (E1 BOC/CBOC, E5ab AltBOC, E6; OS, CS, SoL, PRS-Noise) BeiDou (B1, B2; Open Service) SBAS (L1, L5; EGNOS, WAAS, MSAS, GAGAN) 108 physical channels 9 simultaneously simulated signals Contact: Grzegorz Nykiel (grzegorz.nykiel@wat.edu.pl) National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

Contact: Grzegorz Nykiel (grzegorz.nykiel@wat.edu.pl) Development of MUT Satellite Observatory (MUT) Project: "Development of Satellite Observatory of Centre of Applied Geomatics at Military University of Technology" (realized within the Regional Operational Programme of the Mazovian district 2007-2013, total values 1 100 000 EUR (funding level – 85%), completed in 2015) RPG Hatpro G4 microwave radiometer The measurement of temperature and humidity profiles in the troposphere up to 10 000 m. Infrared radiometer to measure cloud base. Sky scanning (azimuth 0°-360°; elevation 0°- 90°). GPS satellite tracking. Ability to measure troposheric delay (ZTD and STD) and integrated water vapour (IWV). Contact: Grzegorz Nykiel (grzegorz.nykiel@wat.edu.pl) National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland