The Modern and Postmodern Church – Part 1 The History of Christianity The Modern and Postmodern Church – Part 1 © John Stevenson, 2017

Christian Science Church Founded 1879 Mary Baker Eddy Invalid Healed by mesmerist Phineas Quimby Science & Health with Key to the Scriptures “Malicious Animal Magnetism” Church services led by “Readers”

Christian Science Church Founded 1879 Matter does not exist All is God Christ was a scientific healing practitioner Sin is imaginary

Second Great Awakening Timeline Second Great Awakening American Civil War 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 Darby Mormons Millerites Darwin’s Origin of the Species

Charles Darwin Five-year voyage aboard HMS Beagle 1809-1882 Five-year voyage aboard HMS Beagle “Origin of the Species” “The mystery of the beginning of all things is insoluble by us; and I for one must be content to remain an agnostic.”

Man is not a finished product incapable of further progress Man is not a finished product incapable of further progress. He has a long history behind him, and it is a history not of a fall, but of an ascent.  Sir Julian Huxley

Julius Wellhausen Documentary Hypothesis JEPD Theory 1844-1918 Documentary Hypothesis JEPD Theory J: Jehovah E: Elohim D: Deuteronomy P: Priestly writings These original writing were collected and edited by a later redactor.

Five Major Christian Teachings The Fundamentals Five Major Christian Teachings Inerrancy of Scripture Virgin Birth & Deity of Christ Substitutionary Atonement received by Grace through Faith Bodily resurrection of Jesus Second Coming of Jesus

D. L. Moody Worked in a shoe store 1837-1899 Worked in a shoe store Led to Christ by his Sunday School Teacher, Edward Kimball Began teaching Sunday School Preached to Civil War soldiers

D. L. Moody Traveling evangelist Crusades in England (1873-1875) 1837-1899 Traveling evangelist Crusades in England (1873-1875) Not ordained Moody Bible Institute

D. L. Moody 1837-1899 “Someday you will read in the papers that Moody is dead. Don't you believe a word of it. At that moment I shall be more alive than I am now. I was born of the flesh in 1837, I was born of the spirit in 1855. That which is born of the flesh may die. That which is born of the Spirit shall live forever.”

Cyrus Scofield Background in law and politics 1843-1921 Background in law and politics Converted to Christianity in 1879 and ordained four years later Influenced by Moody and Hudson Taylor Published Scofield Reference Bible

Billy Sunday Professional Baseball player Converted to Christianity 1862-1935 Professional Baseball player Converted to Christianity Evangelist Tent meetings “Sawdust trail”

Billy Sunday 1862-1935 “At Kansas City, Kansas, before the saloons were closed, they were getting ready to build an addition to the jail. Now the doors swing idly on the hinges and there is nobody to lock in the jails.”

Methodist Holiness Movement The Pentacostal Movement Methodist Holiness Movement Entire Sanctification Second Blessing

Methodist Holiness Movement The Pentacostal Movement Methodist Holiness Movement Keswick Movement Spiritual Power for service

Methodist Holiness Movement The Pentacostal Movement Methodist Holiness Movement Keswick Movement Holiness Camp Meetings

The Pentacostal Movement January 1901 Topeka, Kansas Speaking in tongues Missionaries no longer need to learn foreign languages Charles Parkham Agnes Ozman

The Pentacostal Movement Asuza Street Revival, Los Angeles Begun in 1906 Three services a day, seven days a week for three years Transcended racial barriers Charles Parkham William Seymour

Methodist Holiness Movement The Pentacostal Movement Methodist Holiness Movement Keswick Movement Holiness Camp Meetings Pentecostal Movement

Methodist Holiness Movement The Pentacostal Movement Methodist Holiness Movement Keswick Movement Holiness Camp Meetings Pentecostal Movement Charismatic Movement

Harry Emerson Fosdick 1918 Published the book, The Manhood of the Master, denying the deity of Christ

“Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” Harry Emerson Fosdick “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” “The question is—Has anybody a right to deny the Christian name to those who differ with him on such points and to shut against them the doors of the Christian fellowship?”

John Gresham Machen Professor at Princeton Seminary 1881-1937 Professor at Princeton Seminary Left to begin Westminster Seminary (1929) Independent Presbyterian Mission Board Orthodox Presbyterian Church (1936)

John Gresham Machen 1881-1937 “If the liberal party really obtains full control of the councils of the church, then no evangelical Christian can continue to support the church’s work” (1923:166)

What course do you take when even the church, you believe, has tragically compromised the Gospel and been seduced by the culture?

Northern Presbyterian Church Civil War Northern Presbyterian Church Southern Presbyterian Church Machen left in 1933 to form the Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC) Ministers left in 1973 to form the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA)

John Gresham Machen 1881-1937 “Seventy-five years ago, Western civilization, despite inconsistencies, was still predominantly Christian; today it is predominantly pagan” (1923:65)

William Jennings Bryan Scopes Trial 1925 Clarence Darrow William Jennings Bryan

Karl Barth Trained in German theological liberalism 1886-1968 Trained in German theological liberalism Known as the “father of neo-orthodoxy” God makes Himself known as we encounter the Scriptures

Bible is merely a man-made book Theological Liberalism Theological Orthodoxy Bible is merely a man-made book Bible is the inspired and inerrant Word of God

Bible is merely a man-made book Theological Liberalism Neo-Orthodoxy Theological Orthodoxy Bible is merely a man-made book Bible becomes the word of God as I receive it in faith Bible is the inspired and inerrant Word of God

The Bible is the Word of God Orthodoxy Neo-Orthodoxy The Bible is the Word of God The Bible contains the Word of God Verbal Plenary Inspiration Authors interpreted events and words of God Truth is absolute Truth is relative

Dietrich Bonhoeffer German theologian 1906-1945 German theologian Received his doctorate at the age of 21 Traveled to America Returned to Hitler’s Germany Involved in the Confessing Church

Dietrich Bonhoeffer Involved in a plot to assassinate Hitler 1906-1945 Involved in a plot to assassinate Hitler Funds used to aid escaping Jews traced back to him Concentration camp Execution

Dietrich Bonhoeffer 1906-1945 “To endure the cross is not tragedy; it is the suffering which is the fruit of an exclusive allegiance to Jesus Christ.”

Dietrich Bonhoeffer 1906-1945 “Only he who believes is obedient and only he who is obedient believes.”

How does a Christian committed to peace come to assist violence in combating unrestrained violence?

What do you do when patriotism and Christian faith collide?

What is the responsibility of a Christian when others are being persecuted and even executed?