Leslie J. Mehrhoff Invasive Plant Atlas of New England

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Presentation transcript:

Distribution of Japanese Stilt-grass, Concerns, and Potential Impacts in New England Leslie J. Mehrhoff Invasive Plant Atlas of New England University of Connecticut

The species…

A plant…

An incursion

Microstegium vimineum Poaceae Annual grass Rich woods, alluvial forests, edges of fields, yards, roadsides, right-of-ways, almost anywhere! Native to Eastern Asia Earliest North American record – Tennessee 1919

Taxonomy – Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus Adropogoneae Tribe – Poaceae Synonyms: Eulalia viminea (Trin.) Ktze. Andropogon vimineum Trin. Eulalia viminea var. variabilis Ktze. Microstegium vimineum var. imberbe (Nees) Honda Common names: Japanese stilt-grass, Nepalese browntop

Current Distribution At least 23 states 2 New England states Connecticut Massachusetts

Microstegium vimineum

History First record in US: Knoxville, TN - 1919 First records in Northeast: Pennsylvania - 1938 New Jersey - 1959 First record in New England Branford, CT - 1984

Northeastern U. S. First Records 1938

Northeastern U. S. First Records 1959 1938

Northeastern U. S. First Records 1984 1959 1938

Northeastern U. S. First Records 1987 1984 1959 1938

Northeastern U. S. First Records 1998 1987 1984 1959 1938

New England Records Connecticut Botanical Society Herbarium Daniel Cady Eaton Herbarium (Yale) G. Safford Torrey Herbarium (UCONN) New England Botanical Club Herbarium Gray Herbarium (Harvard) Charles B. Graves Herbarium (Conn Coll.) University of Massachusetts Herbaria Invasive Plant Atlas of New England

First New England Record Branford, New Haven County, Connecticut Date: 13 OCT 1984 Collector: Sterling Parker 84.15 Habitat: Damp, semi-open area

Branford 1984

Branford Fairfield 1986

East Haddam Waterford Branford Fairlfield 1990

Windsor Willington East Haddam Waterford Branford Fairlfield 1991

Windsor Willington Kent East Haddam Waterford Branford Fairlfield 1993

1998 West Springfield Windsor Willington Kent East Haddam Waterford Branford Fairlfield 1998

2000 West Springfield Longmeadow Pomfret Windsor Willington Kent East Haddam Waterford Branford Fairlfield 2000

2003 West Springfield Millville Longmeadow Pomfret Windsor Willington Kent East Haddam Waterford Branford Fairlfield 2003

Concerns More out there; being overlooked Correct identification Early detection of new incursions How do we control it Need for long term monitoring

Some questions… How did it get here? Are there particularly vulnerable habitats? Are there other incursions that we have not found? How far is it likely to spread? Will it be correctly identified and discovered in time?

Pathways & Vectors Recreational sites and hiking trails Riverine and alluvial woodlands Roadsides and power line right-of-ways Botanist’s yards

Pathways & Vectors People – clothing, pets, equipment especially hikers who have been in infested areas Trucks and equipment Natural biotic & abiotic dispersers – water, wildlife, birds Field equipment – packs, presses, vehicles (canoes)

Correct Identification Annual Roots – fibrous Nodes – glabrous Sheath summit – hairy along margins Midrib – appears silver Glumes – present Fall color – yellowish to pale purple Flowering initiation – after mid September

Mistaken species Leersia virginica – White grass (native) Brachyelytrum erectum (native) Brachyelytrum septentrionale (native)

Annual vs. Perennial

Inflorescences

Which grass is it?

These 2 species often grow together! Leersia virginica AND Microstegium vimineum These 2 species often grow together!

Questionable Reports Appalachian Trail, Maine Acadia National Park, Maine Northcentral Massachusetts Various yards around New England

What can we do? Learn to recognize Microstegium vimineum Distribute herbarium specimens Train volunteers to recognize and report new incursions Predict potential range and habitats Control incursions

IPANE Invasive Plant Atlas of New England 300+ trained volunteers in 6 states Website images and information Identification workshops “Early Warning Species” Quick Report buttons Trigger rapid response Predictive modeling

IPANE Early Detection page List of “Early Detection Species” Table of species’ status in all 6 states Early detection protocols How to report a possible new incursion

Control efforts New England Wild Flower Society Volunteers Town park employees Hand pulling efforts Connecticut DEP and TNC Land owner contacts Monitoring

In Summary Microstegium vimineum is known to occur in Connecticut and Massachusetts Correct identification is possible but confusing Need for vigilance New incursions Not to accidentally move propagules Report new incursions

Contact us - http://invasives.eeb.uconn.edu/ipane/ ipane@uconn.edu Les Mehrhoff vasculum@uconnvm.uconn.edu