CHAPTER 12 REVIEW !

A nucleotide does NOT contain: a. a 5-carbon sugar b. polymerase 1 A nucleotide does NOT contain: a. a 5-carbon sugar b. polymerase c. a nitrogen base d. a phosphate group

2 Changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic information are known as: a. replications b. mutations c. transformations d. prokaryotes

What is our flowchart to explain 3 What is our flowchart to explain protein synthesis?

4 This type of RNA makes ribosomes: a. tRNA b. rRNA c. mRNA d. transfer RNA

5 These scientists used x-ray crystallography to take pictures of DNA: a. Watson and Crick b. Hershey and Chase c. Franklin and Wilkins d. Avery and Griffith

How many hydrogen bonds connect A with T? 6 How many hydrogen bonds connect A with T?

7 The structure of DNA is in this shape: a. single helix b. double helix c. triple helix d. single stranded

8 In chromosomes, the DNA is wrapped around these proteins: a. histones b. amino acids c. promoters d. primers

What three things make up a nucleotide? 9 What three things make up a nucleotide?

Explain Chargaff’s rule. 10 Explain Chargaff’s rule.

11 The process of turning RNA code into amino acids to make proteins is called _____________________________

12 During transcription, this enzyme unwinds part of DNA and copies one strand: a) DNA polymerase b) RNA polymerase c) Primase d) Helicase

13 The process of turning DNA code into RNA, which then leaves the nucleus.

14 DNA has the base thymine, while RNA has the base ____________________________

15 What would the complementary mRNA strand be if the DNA strand looked like this: ATT CGT CCA

16 During replication, this enzyme links together Okazaki fragments: a) DNA polymerase b) Helicase c) DNA ligase d) Primase

17 DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ________________________

How many hydrogen bonds connect G and C? 18 How many hydrogen bonds connect G and C?

Where in the cell does translation occur? 19 Where in the cell does translation occur?

20 Which strand do Okazaki fragments occur on? a) leading strand b) lagging strand c) either strand

Where in the cell does transcription take place? 21 Where in the cell does transcription take place?

22 During replication, in which direction is the leading strand synthesized? a) toward the replication fork b) away from the replication fork c) in either direction

What are the three kinds of mutations we talked about? 23 What are the three kinds of mutations we talked about?