DNA
Nucleic Acids What are the types of Nucleic Acids?
Nucleic Acids Types of Nucleic Acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Nucleic Acids Types of Nucleic Acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (ribonucleic acid) mRNA (messenger) tRNA (transfer) rRNA (ribosomal)
Nucleic Acids What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
Nucleic Acids Building blocks of nucleic acids: Nucleotides
Nucleic Acids Building blocks of nucleic acids: Nucleotides: Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Uracil
Nucleic Acids How would you recognize a nucleotide?
Nucleic Acids How would you recognize a nucleotide?
Nucleic Acids How do DNA and RNA compare?
Nucleic Acids
DNA Structure
DNA Structure
DNA Structure
DNA Structure Double-stranded
DNA Structure Double-stranded Covalent bonds between phosphate and sugar
DNA Structure Double-stranded Covalent bonds between phosphate and sugar Two strands held together by hydrogen bonding between complimentary base pairs
DNA Structure Described as having two antiparallel strands (aligned in opposite directions)
DNA Structure
DNA Structure
DNA Replication
DNA Replication DNA must make copies of itself to prepare for cell division
DNA Replication DNA must make copies of itself to prepare for cell division during Synthesis Phase of Interphase
DNA Replication DNA must make copies of itself to prepare for cell division during Synthesis Phase of Interphase Occurs in nucleus
DNA Replication DNA must make copies of itself to prepare for cell division during Synthesis Phase of Interphase Occurs in nucleus with the presence of Enzymes (helicase and DNA polymerases)
DNA Replication DNA must make copies of itself to prepare for cell division during Synthesis Phase of mitosis Occurs in nucleus with the presence of Enzymes (helicase and DNA polymerases) Free nucleotides
DNA Replication Step 1: Helicase initiates the separation of double-stranded DNA into two single strands
DNA Replication Step 1: Helicase initiates the separation of double-stranded DNA into two single strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds between base pairs.
DNA Replication
DNA Replication Now unpaired nucleotides are a template.
DNA Replication Step 2: A free-floating nucleotide finds a partner on one opened strand at one end
DNA Replication Step 2: A free-floating nucleotide finds a partner on one opened strand at one end and then a second nucleotide comes in and joins the first, etc.
DNA Replication Step 2: A free-floating nucleotide finds a partner on one opened strand at one end and then a second nucleotide comes in and joins the first, etc. DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of a covalent bond between the two nucleotides.
DNA Replication
DNA Replication Step 3: Other DNA polymerases proofread each nucleotide against the template and make corrections if needed.
DNA Replication Step 3: Other DNA polymerases proofread each nucleotide against the template and make corrections if needed. Before proofreading error rate: 1 in 100,000 After proofreading error rate: 1 in 10,000,000,000 (ten billion)
DNA Replication New strands are identical to one another… why?
DNA Replication New strands are identical to one another because of complementary base pairing
DNA Replication Described as a “semiconservative” process
DNA Replication Described as a “semiconservative” process because DNA after replication consists of one “old” and one “new” strand.