The equation below represents a balanced chemical reaction: Warm-Up 12/18/2016 The equation below represents a balanced chemical reaction: 2 Mg(s) + O2(g)  2 MgO (s) How many moles of MgO are produced when 7.2 moles of O2 react with excess Mg? 3.6 moles 14.4 moles 22.3 moles 29 moles

Complete the following chart

Practice Complete the following chart 3

Practice Problems Determine if each of the following solutions is acidic, basic, or neutral: a. [H+] = 6 x 10-10 b. [OH-] = 3 x 10-2 c. [H+] = 2 x 10-7 d. [OH-] = 1 x 10-7 Begin 1st 5-1-2000, 3rd

What is the pH and the pOH of the following? 1) 0.001 M HCl 2) 0.0034 M NaOH 3).0025 M H2SO4 4) .00725 M Ca(OH)2

Molarity A measurement of the concentration of a solution Molarity (M)= is equal to the moles of solute (mol) per liter of solution M = mol/ L

Practice Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by mixing 1.5 g of NaCl in 500.0 mL of water.

Practice How many grams of LiOH is needed to prepare 250.0 mL of a 1.25 M solution?

Practice What is the concentration of 250.0 mL of 0.60 mol of HCl? What volume of 0.7690 M LiOH will contain 55.3 g of LiOH?

Practice What is the concentration of 35.0 mL of 0.0556 moles of KCl? How many grams of KCl is needed to prepare 50.0 mL of a 0.10 M solution?

Molarity and Dilutions The act of diluting a solution is to simply add more water (the solvent) thus leaving the amount of solute unchanged. A relationship can be established such that M1V1=M2V2

Molarity and Dilution Given a 6.00 M HCl solution, how would you prepare 250.0 mL of 0.150 M HCl?

Practice Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by diluting 25.0 mL of 0.05 M potassium iodide with 50.0 mL of water?

Practice A 50.0 gram sample of NaOH is dissolved in 0.600 L of water. What volume of this solution would be needed to create a 1.5 L solution that is 0.200 M NaOH?

Practice A concentrated solution of sulfuric acid, H2SO4, has a concentration of 18.0 M. How many milliliters of the concentrated acid would be required to make 250. mL of a 1.00 M H2SO4 solution?

Practice 53.4 mL of a 1.50 M solution of NaCl is on hand, but you need some 0.800 M solution. How many mL of 0.800 M can you make?

Warm-Up 12/20/2016 What volume is needed to store 105 grams of helium gas at 202.6kPa and 122.5˚C?

Neutralization Reactions Neutralization reactions occur when an acid and base react The products of any neutralization reaction is always a SALT and WATER Indicators change color in during a neutralization reaction

Examples: NaCl, MgF2, FeSO4 Salts A salt is a compound that contains a metal and nonmetal other than H and OH Examples: NaCl, MgF2, FeSO4

Examples of Neutralization Reactions Neutralization reactions are double displacement reactions HCl + KOH  H2O + KCl Examples: a. H2SO4 + Mg(OH)2  H2O + MgSO4 b. H3PO4 + LiOH  H2O + Li3PO4

Titration Titration is a neutralization reaction that is used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance In a titration, a substance with a known concentration is used with an indicator Burette-the common lab equipment used to deliver a liquid substance to another liquid substance

Titration Curve

Examples: Red Cabbage is pink in acids and blue-green in bases Indicators Indicators are organic substances that change color in the presence of acids and bases Examples: Red Cabbage is pink in acids and blue-green in bases Phenolphthalein

Indicator Ranges Indicator Kind pH range Litmus 5 – 8 Methyl Orange 3.1 - 4.4 Phenolphthalein 8.3 - 10.0

Example Question The chart below shows the characteristics of several common acid-base indicators Which indicator would appear to be yellow in a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1.0 x 10-7 ? Indicator pH Range Color Range Bromocresol Green 3.8-5.4 Yellow to Blue Congo Red 3.0-5.0 Blue to Red Phenol Red 6.8-8.2 Yellow to Red Indigo Carmine 11.6-13.0 Blue to Yellow

Solving for Titrations How many mL of a 3 M NaOH solutions are required to completely neutralize 20.0 mL of 1.5 M HCl?

Practice # 2 What is the molarity of a solution of LiOH if 15.0 mL of the solution is required to neutralize 20.0 mL of 2M HCl?

Practice # 3 What volume, in mL, of 0.25 M Acetic Acid is required to neutralize 30.0 mL of 0.05 M of Cesium Hydroxide?

Practice # 4 What volume of 0.115 M HClO4 solutions is needed to neutralize 50.00 mL of 0.0875 M NaOH?

Practice # 5 What volume, in mL, of 0.128 M HCl is needed to neutralize 2.87 g of NaOH?

Homework If it takes 54 mL of 0.1 M NaOH to neutralize 125 mL of an HCl solution, what is the concentration of the HCl? If it takes 25 mL of 0.05 M HCl to neutralize 345 mL of NaOH solution, what is the concentration of the NaOH solution?

A Broader Definition of Acids and Bases In the more inclusive Brønsted-Lowry model, an acid is a hydrogen-ion donor and a base is a hydrogen-ion acceptor. When a Brønsted-Lowry acid donates a hydrogen ion, a conjugate base is formed. When a Brønsted-Lowry base accepts a hydrogen ion, a conjugate acid is formed. Two substances related to each other by the donating and accepting of a single hydrogen ion are a conjugate acid-base pair.

Identifying Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs in this reacton. A hydrogen ion is donated by HClO2, which is the Brønsted-Lowry acid in the forward reaction. The resulting conjugate base is ClO2–. The base in the forward reaction is H2O, which accepts a hydrogen ion to form the conjugate acid H3O+.