CHAPTER 2 TRASH BALL REVIEW Adrian Daniels

Chemistry deals with a. Composition of substances b. Changes that occur in substances c. Substances that make up organisms d. All of the choices are correct

D

Which of the following substances is an element? a. Iron b. Carbon c. Oxygen d. All of the choices are correct

D

Which of the following substances comprise over 95 percent of the human body a. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen b. Calcium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen c. Carbon, phosphorus, oxygen, hydrogen d. Calcium, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen

A

The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of a. 1 electron b. 2 electrons c. 4 electrons d. 8 electrons

B

The formula H2O means a. An atom contains 2 hydrogen molecules and 1 oxygen molecule b. An atom contains 1 hydrogen molecule and 2 oxygen molecules c. A molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom d. A molecule contains 1 hydrogen atom and 2 oxygen atoms

C

A decomposition reaction can be symbolized as a. A + B > C + D b. A + B > AB c. AB > A+B d. C + D> AB

C

As a group, compounds that release ions when they dissolve in water are called a. Acids b. Bases c. Salts d. Electrolytes

D

A chemical reaction in which pairs of two different molecules trade positions with one another is a(n) a. Decomposition reaction b. Exchange reaction c. Reversible reaction d. Synthesis reaction

B

The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is a. Two fold b. Five fold c. Tenfold d. Twentyfold

C

A person has alkalosis if the blood pH a. Rises above 7.0 b. Drops below 7.0 c. Rises above 7.4 d. Drops below 7.4

C

Which of the following is the best source of saturated fat? a. Corn oil b. Soybean oil c. Coconut oil d. None of the choices contain saturated fat

C

An atom is made of a. A nucleus d. electrons b. Protons e. all of the above c. Neutrons

D

Excess iron and iron deficiency lead to abnormal function. a. True b. False

A

When atoms combine, they gain or lose a. Electrons c. protons b. Neutrons d. nuclei

A

Atoms that have the same atomic numbers but different atomic weights are a. Catalysts c. isotopes b. Neutrons d. Heliotropes

C

An ion is a. An atom that is electrically charged c. an atom that has lost an electron b. An atom that has gained an electron d. all of the above

A

In forming a covalent bond, electrons are a. Shared by two atoms b. Given up by an atom c. Taken up by an atom d. None of the above

A

An ionic bond is created by a. A positive and negative ion attracting each other b. Two or more positive ions combining c. Two or more negative ions combining

A

True or False The number of protons within an atom of an element is equal to its atomic weight

FALSE

True or False Sodium and chloride atoms combine readily because they both tend to lose electrons.

TRUE

An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an ion. True or False An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an ion.

TRUE

Water is an example of a compound True or False Water is an example of a compound

TRUE

A substance that releases hydrogen ions in water is a base. True or False A substance that releases hydrogen ions in water is a base.

FALSE

True or False Chemically stable atoms always have their outermost electron shell full.

TRUE

An electrolyte is defined as a substance that ionizes in water. True or False An electrolyte is defined as a substance that ionizes in water.

TRUE

True or False A complex carbohydrate has a phosphate group attached to the sugar molecule.

FALSE

The branch of science that deals with composition of substances is ________________________

CHEMISTRY

The substances that comprise all matter are called _______________________________.

ELEMENT

The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of _________________________.

PROTONS

An element is inactive if ___________________________.

IF OUTER SHELLS ARE FULL TO THE MAX

The atomic weight of an element is determined by the number of _______________ ______________ ______________.

PROTONS AND NEUTRONS

Water is formed by molecules of hydrogen and oxygen united by a ________________ bond.

POLAR

A compound is formed when atoms of _________________ elements combine.

DIFFERENT

C6H12O6 is an example of a(n) _____________ formula.

MOLECULAR

Two major types of chemical reactions are called _________________ and _________________.

SYNTHESIS AND DECOMPOSITION

An electrolyte that releases hydrogen ions in water is a(n) _______________________.

ACID

Electrolyte that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions are called __________________.

BASES

Organic substances always contain the elements hydrogen and __________. 

CARBON

The midpoint of the pH scale is pH ____.

7

The opposite of a decomposition reaction is called __________.

SYNTHESIS

Fats, phospholipids, and steroids are important ______________________ found in the human cell.

LIPIDS

An enzyme is a(n) _____________________ that acts as a catalyst.

PROTEIN

Substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water are called __________________

ACIDS

Substances that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions are _____________________

BASES

An inorganic substance that releases ions when it reacts with water is known as a(n) _____________

ELECTROLYTE

The pH measures concentrations of _____________ ______________.

HYDROGEN IONS

The parts of an atom that carry single negative electrical charges are called __________. 

Electrons

Matter is defined as anything that __________.

HAS WEIGHT AND TAKES UP SPACE