2017 WECC JSIS Report March 21, 2017

Syncrophasor Technology Synchrophasors are precise time-synchronized measurements system voltages, frequencies, power, currents and angles Synchrophasors provide an unprecedented wide-area view of the power system dynamic state Every modern digital relay is PMU-capable Phasor Measurement Units Conventional SCADA High time resolution: 30 to 120 samples per second Scanned every 2 to 4 seconds Data is time synchronized at the source Time stamped in the control center

History of Synchrophasors in WECC WECC installed first PMUs in early 1990s PMU coverage and networking greatly expanded following 1996 outages Inter-utility network was developed Utilities researched, prototyped and deployed several PMU applications for engineering analysis However, the original PMU network was not reliable or secure for grid operations

Western Interconnection Synchrophasor Program Starting 2010 WECC operating entities and US government invested more than $108M in the synchrophaosr technology in the West Peak RC led Western Interconnection Synchrophasor Project Unprecedented visibility of interconnection-wide dynamic state WISP WAN: 16 participants exchanging real-time data 302 PMUs are reporting to Peak RC 8,472 signals, including frequency, voltage and current phasors Recognition – BPA project received Platt’s Global Energy Award for Grid Optimization in 2013

Values and Applications The value of the investment is unlocked by the applications that use the synchrophasor technology NASPI Value Proposition Paper: Improved grid reliability Improved system transfer capability Cost savings (compliance, maintenance) Renewable integration, public policies Applications: Engineering support Control room Automated controls

Oscillation Detection BPA developed and deployed Oscillation Detection Application in its control room in October 2013 The application went operational in June 2016 Scans 100+ signals for signs of growing or sustained power oscillations – when oscillation energy exceeds a pre-specified threshold Oscillation Detection displays are developed Alarms dispatchers when an oscillation is detected

Forced Oscillation Detection and Source Locating Peak RC project Forced Oscillation Detection (PMU data) Post-processing of WSU OMS estimates Runs every 1 minute online Detect any forced oscillations Oscillation Source Location (SCADA data) Triggered by Frequency Oscillation Detection Inputs are oscillation start and end times Retrieve all generator MW and MVAR SCADA data Two algorithms are used to analyze: PMA (Pattern Mining Algorithm) MVRA (Maximal Variance Ratio Algorithm)

Oscillation Detection Success Stories BPA detected sustained power oscillations coming from a wind power plant when power output reached about 90% of plant capacity BPA worked with plant owner and wind turbine manufacturer to fix the problem Wind Ramp Before Wind Ramp After 80 MVAR peak to peak oscillation

Oscillation Events Many events detected since 2013, including: Generator instabilities Hydro generator operating in rough zone Wind power plant control mis-operations Generator control interactions HVDC equipment failure Plant controller mis-operations

Frequency Event Detection Frequency Event Detection is deployed in its control room in 2014 Frequency and power charts are auto-generated Smart grid uses technology to enhance power delivery and use through intelligent two-way communication. BPA has long promoted smart grid technologies to improve reliability, reduce operating costs, and defer the need for new transmission infrastructure. BPA promotes new technologies through Technology Innovation projects. BPA is creating the business case to show how smart grid can help the region, utilities, and consumers. Map shows where frequency event originated

Frequency Event Analysis PMU data is used for baselining frequency performance for NERC BAL-003 BA Frequency Response versus the BA hydro generation on-line Generator performance assessment Smart grid uses technology to enhance power delivery and use through intelligent two-way communication. BPA has long promoted smart grid technologies to improve reliability, reduce operating costs, and defer the need for new transmission infrastructure. BPA promotes new technologies through Technology Innovation projects. BPA is creating the business case to show how smart grid can help the region, utilities, and consumers.

Islanding Detection An application you hope never need to use, but indispensable when you need it Smart grid uses technology to enhance power delivery and use through intelligent two-way communication. BPA has long promoted smart grid technologies to improve reliability, reduce operating costs, and defer the need for new transmission infrastructure. BPA promotes new technologies through Technology Innovation projects. BPA is creating the business case to show how smart grid can help the region, utilities, and consumers.

Power Plant Performance Monitoring PMU data is extensively used for power plant monitoring

Analysis of System Tests BPA and WECC perform system tests several times per year to stimulate power oscillations under controlled conditions 1,400 MW braking resistor is applied for half a second to “ping” the power system Wide-area data is analyzed to understand the inter-actions among the generators in the Western Interconnection

Real-Time Voltage Stability Assessement for IROL Monitoring at Peak RC V&R ROSE VSA is deployed for monitor voltage stability: San Diego area IROL NW Washington area IROL Calculates voltage stability limits over multiple stress scenarios

System Model Validation and Real-Time Transient Stability Studies Peak RC, WECC, GE, BPA developed a process of running dynamic simulations on a state estimator snapshot and comparing with PMU data A number of system events were validated Steps are taken towards running transient stability studies in real time 2015 Validated system models improve simulation accuracy NERC MOD-026, 27 require power plant model validation NERC MOD-033 requires system model validation

System Model Validation and Real-Time Transient Stability Studies Reminder – dynamic models in 1996 We improved A LOT because of WECC processes Reality Model

JSIS Activities Value Proposition – collaboration with NASPI and NERC SMS Technology outreach - “success stories” and “lesson’s learned” of infrastructure deployment Application development, demonstration and deployment Power system dynamic performance analysis

JSIS Activities – Value Proposition For Synchrophasor Program to be successful and sustainable, institutional support is essential – FTE and investment dollars Data quality remains a challenge For companies to make such commitments, they need to see value There are examples of the successful technology deployment, such as BPA and SDG&E “Success stories” and “lesson’s learned” of infrastructure deployment Presentations on value proposition and business case

Provided by Alex Ning, Peak RC

JSIS – Technology Outreach There are mature vendor-supported applications There are simple freeware data management systems Basic applications are available Model validation – power plant, system Performance analysis Frequency response Oscillation detection and source location

Thank you