Childhood Vaccinations Birth - 6 Years By: Raven Wright, Jerrica Cashaw, Qunisha Crawford, Katie Kirchner, Marisela Lopez, Greg Janzen, and Joanie Chan

Healthcare Issue? “Vaccination has greatly reduced the burden of infectious diseases. Only clean water, also considered to be a basic human right, performs better.” (WHO, 2008) Many parents are against immunizing their children out of fear of adverse effects. The goal of this project is to educate parents and achieve 100% childhood vaccination rates in the United States.

Learning Outcomes Parents will demonstrate understanding of the importance of vaccinations by verbalizing that vaccinations can prevent disease and that vaccines are not harmful Parents will demonstrate understanding of vaccination schedules by verbalizing next vaccination date and where to find child vaccination schedule Parents will verbalize an understanding of the vaccine use, and common adverse effects to look for post administration Parents will demonstrate understanding of the importance of herd immunity by explaining what herd immunity is and how it is important to the population

Misconceptions about Vaccinations “Vaccines cause autism” “Vaccines cause serious side effects and may even contribute to the disease in which it is meant to prevent” “Vaccinations can overload the immune system” “Immunity from infection is ‘better’ than immunity from vaccination” “My child doesn’t need vaccinations, vaccine preventable diseases have already been eliminated” “Vaccines may cause harmful side effects, illnesses, death, and unknown long term effects” “Vaccines are just for profit”

Why Are Childhood Vaccines so Important? It is always better to prevent a disease than to treat it after it occurs. Diseases that used to be common in this country and around the world, including polio, measles, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), rubella (German measles), mumps, tetanus, and rotavirus can now be prevented by vaccination. Thanks to vaccines, one of the most terrible diseases in history – smallpox – no longer exists outside the laboratory. Over the years, vaccines have prevented countless cases of disease and saved millions of lives. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/howvpd.htm

What is Herd Immunity? Spread of contagious disease is contained by a majority of the population being immunized.

Recommended Vaccinations for Children (0-6) DTaP -- Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis MMR -- Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Chickenpox Hib -- Haemophilus influenza type b Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B Influenza Polio Pneumococcal Rotavirus Immunizations lead to an increase in life expectancy, largely due to child survival rates and the current 17 vaccine-preventable diseases across the lifespan (Healthypeople2020, 2015).

When explaining this slide, say “more of this [referring to the immunization schedule] will be explained later on in our skit”

Adverse Effects Related to Vaccinations Pain, tenderness, redness, swelling at the injection site Fatigue Headache Itching at the injection site Nausea Fever Mild rash

Understanding Vaccinations Video http://www.publichealth.org/public-awareness/understanding-vaccines/ Do skit after this slide

Teaching Method Assess parents for learning strengths and deficits Provide parents with vaccination schedule (developmental stages) http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/downloads/parent-ver-sch-0-6yrs.pdf (English) http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/downloads/parent-ver-sch-0-6yrs-sp.pdf (Spanish) Provide handouts about the spread of communicable diseases, that may occur, if specific vaccinations are not given http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4017.pdf Encourage parents to teach back what they have learned Provide additional resources Vaccines on the GO: What You Should Know Display on screen when this is being presented in the skit Teach Back method Provide parents with vaccination schedule (developmental stages) (CDC) schedules also available in spanish (2nd link): http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/downloads/parent-ver-sch-0-6yrs.pdf http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/downloads/parent-ver-sch-0-6yrs-sp.pdf Provide handouts about the spread of communicable diseases, that may occur, if specific vaccinations are not given. http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4017.pdf Vaccines on the GO: What You Should Know app (free) A free app that can be used by parents that provides reliable information in relation to the importance of vaccines, safety, science, and diseases vaccines can prevent.

Questions What are the risks of not vaccinating children? What are the possible side effects of vaccinations? How can you as future nurses educate parents about vaccinating their children?

References California Department of Public Health (CDPH), Immunization Branch. (2011). What if you don’t immunize your child? Retrieved from http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4017.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). 2016 recommended immunizations for children from birth through 6 years old. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/downloads/parent-ver-sch-0-6yrs.pdf Community Immunity ("Herd Immunity"). (2016, March 03). Retrieved April 25, 2016, from Vaccines.org: http://www.vaccines.gov/basics/protection/ Gilmour, J., Harrison, C., Asadi, L., Cohen, M., & Vohra, S. (2011). Childhood immunization: When physicians and parents disagree. Pediatrics, 128 (suppl 4): S167-174. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-2720E Healthypeople2020. (2015, November 9). Immunizations and infectious disease. Retrieved April 25, 2016, from Healthypeople2020.gov: http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/immunization-and-infectious-diseases Herd. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2016, from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Herd_Of_Goats.jpg PublicHealth.org. (2015). Understanding Vaccines. Retrieved April 25, 2016, from PublicHealth: publichealth.org/public-awareness/understanding-vaccines/ Taylor, L., Swerdfeger, A., & Eslick, G. (2014). Vaccines are not associated with autism: An evidenced-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Vaccine, 32(29), 3623-3629. Vaccine Education Center (2016). Vaccines on the go (Version 1.2.0) [Mobile application software]. Retrieved from https://play.google.com/ Vaccines and Immunizations. (2014). Retrieved April 26, 2016, from http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/howvpd.htm World Health Organization. (2008, February 2). Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide. Retrieved April 25, 2016, from World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/2/07-040089/en/