Joint-Stock Company a business entity which is owned by shareholders. Each shareholder owns the portion of the company in proportion to his or her ownership of the company's shares. This allows for the unequal ownership of a business with some shareholders owning a larger proportion of a company than others.

Mercantilism Mother Country Colonies Wealth measured in Gold/Silver Export more then import. Colonies existed to benefit the Mother Country. Raw materials. Market for goods. No competition with other Nations. Nations make money: Increase Tax Revenue Used natural resources to expand Mother Country Raw Materials Finished Goods Colonies

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

West Indies and slavery Encomiendas - slave labor from Natives Mines, Sugar Cane, Cattle Ranching (Brazil) 80% Died (disease, starvation) Spanish priest (Bartolomé de las Casas) urged use of Africans Thought resistant to tropical disease Cheap Skilled laborers Quickly turned to slavery By 1500’s slavery dominates African trade with Europe

The beginning of The Journey Tribal Warfare The Muslim traders of West Africa who linked the forest region to the savanna had slave porters as well as villages of slaves to supply their caravans. In a number of situations, these forms of servitude were relatively benign and were an extension of lineage and kinship systems. In others, however, they were exploitative economic and social relations that reinforced the hierarchies of various African societies and allowed the nobles, senior lineages, and rulers to exercise their power. Among the forest states of West Africa, such as Benin, and in the Kongo kingdom in central Africa slavery was already an important institution prior to the European arrival, but the Atlantic trade opened up new opportunities for expansion and intensification of slavery in those societies. http://historyworld.org/Africa%20in%20the%20age%20of% 0the%20slave%20trade.htm

The beginning of The Journey Tribal Warfare Africans taken from inland villages

The beginning of The Journey Tribal Warfare Africans taken from inland villages Marched to coast of Africa

TRIANGULAR TRADE

First Leg Europeans brought guns, cloth, blankets, etc. to Africa Triangular Trade First Leg Europeans brought guns, cloth, blankets, etc. to Africa

Second Leg Middle passage - slaves taken to Americas Triangular Trade Second Leg Middle passage - slaves taken to Americas

Triangular Trade FLOATING COFFINS

Second Leg - Middle passage Triangular Trade Second Leg - Middle passage Hundreds Crammed into Vessel Death was common: Dysentery, Small Pox, Suicide Half the “Cargo” would die FLOATING COFFINS

THIRD LEG Carried sugar molasses, cotton, furs, to Europe Triangular Trade THIRD LEG Carried sugar molasses, cotton, furs, to Europe Some Cartoons aren’t meant to be funny…but, a commentary on the times… Attitude of the captains…People were considered “Cargo”, nothing more.

Growth of Wealth Investors became wealthy Port cities became wealthy African tribes became wealthy …Every one but the slaves Stock Company

Loss of young People meant small communities lost forever Impact On Africa Loss of young People meant small communities lost forever

Powerful African Empires Asante In the area called the Gold Coast by the Europeans, the empire of Asante rose to prominence in the period of the slave trade. The Asante were members of the Akan people - the major group of modern Ghana. There were at least 20 small states based on the matrilineal clans that were common to all the Akan peoples, but those of the Oyoko clan dominated. Their cooperation and their access to firearms after 1650 initiated a period of centralization and expansion. By 1700 the Dutch on the coast realized that a new power had emerged and they began to deal directly with it. With control of the gold-producing zones and a constant supply of prisoners to be sold as slaves for more firearms, Asante maintained its power until the 1820s as the dominant state of the Gold Coast. Although gold continued to be a major item of export, by the end of the 17th century the value of slaves made up almost two-thirds of Asante's trade.

New Colonial Society and Culture Cultural Diffusion creates … Peninsulares Born in Spain Creoles Spanish blood born in America. Mestizos Part native part European Mulattoes Part African part European Native Indians Africans