Unit III: Biochemistry A. Biological Macromolecules B. Metabolism

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Lipids Triglycerides- fats and oils Phospoglycerides- lecithin

Advertisements

LIPIDS They are made up of C, H and O atoms.

Lipids Lipids are a heterogeneous class of naturally occurring organic compounds classified together on the basis of common solubility properties they.

Biology 107 Macromolecules I September 5, 2003.

Ch. 5.3: LIPIDS Objectives:

AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.

Organic Macromolecules

Lipid Def: compounds which are relatively insoluble in water, but freely soluble in non polar organic solvents like benzene, ether, chloforom etc.

CHEM 1152 Dr. Sheppard Spring 2015

Lipids B.4 3 Main Types of Lipids (B.4.1…) ‘lipid’ comes from lipos, the Greek word for fat all are hydrophobic (water-fearing/insoluble in water) greasy,

Fats (an example of a lipid) Glycerol – Has three –OH groups – Polar molecule Soluble in water Fatty Acids – Long chains of hydrocarbons Insoluble in water.

Lipids. Macromolecule #2: Lipids  Hydrophobic (nonpolar) = insoluble in water  Contain C, H, O (less O than carbs), sometimes P Main types: Triglycerides.

The Lipids. Introduction to Lipids  Lipids – water insoluble component of cells Hydrophobic Hydrophobic Made of the elements: Made of the elements: CarbonCarbon.

1 Chapter 15: Lipids Chem 20 El Camino College. 2 Lipids Lipids are a family of biomolecules that are not soluble in water but can be extracted by organic.

1 Lipids A Type of Organic Molecule -Fats, Oils, Waxes and Steroids.

Essential Idea Compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are used to supply and store energy.

AP Biology Lipids energy storage AP Biology Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain 4 types of lipids fats phospholipids steroids.

Lipids What are the kinds of lipids? Lipids Fats Fats Waxes Waxes Steroids Steroids Phospholipids Phospholipids.

Content fats and lipids structure and properties of phospholipids glycolipids steroids.

Lipids By Umair, Manjit, and Rajat.  Lipids are a biological macromolecule composed of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen atoms  However the ratio of oxygen.

Lipid metabolism By Dr. Hoda Gad. OBJECTIVES BY THE END OF THESE LECTURES, STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:  Understand the structure of lipids including 

Lipids Monomers – fatty acids & glycerol Function- repel water, insulate, store the greatest amount of energy compared to other macromolecules Found in.

Basic Biochemistry: Lipid Structure Dr. Kamal D. Mehta Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University.

Lipids Triglycerides Phospholipids Sterols Lipids Lipids are a class of nutrients that includes: –Triglycerides (fats and oils) –Phospholipids –Sterols.

Lipids (fats) Concentrated energy molecules. I. LIPIDS: §Foods: butter, oil, Crisco, lard Commonly called fats & oils Contain more C-H bonds and less.

BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT MACROMOLECULES - LIPIDS. LIPIDS Fats Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen -Fewer oxygen, greater carbon and hydrogen Hydrophobic.

LIPIDS Biochemistry.

Lipids: What do you need to know? o Classification of major lipid groups o Structure of fatty acids o Physical properties of fatty acids o Structure &

Lipids Objective: B2 - Compare the structures & functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids & their organization into long complex molecules.

Lipids To model how triglycerides are formed.

Learning Outcomes: B4 Describe chemical structure of lipids compared to carbohydrates Recognize structural diagrams of: glycerol, saturated and unsaturated.

Unit III: Biochemistry A. Biological Macromolecules B. Metabolism.

 Nucleic Acids store important information in a cell.  The 2 different nucleic acids are DNA and RNA.  RNA stores and transfers information that helps.

AP Biology QOD: What is better for your health: Butter, Margarine, Olive Oil or Crisco? LG: Understand the structure and function of different types of.

Lipids Pg Objective: I can identify and classify different types of lipids based on their molecular structure and relate it to my health.

Chapter Pgs Objective: I can identify and classify different types of lipids based on their molecular structure and relate it to my health.

Lipids. Biological compound soluble in non-polar solvent Chemically heterogeneous: Simple or Complex Simple Lipid: alcohol + one or more fatty acids Complex.

17.2 Fatty Acids We might think of saturated fatty acids as chips with regular shapes that stack closely together in a can. Similarly, irregularly shaped.

Organic Macromolecules

What is better for your health: Butter, Margarine, Olive Oil or Crisco? LG: Understand the structure and function of different types of lipids.

Chemeketa Community College

What do these images have in common?

Lipids of Physiological Significance

Lipids: Fats & Oils.

Lipids (fats) Main Function: long-term energy storage

What makes McDonald’s fries taste SOOOO good?

Midterm -as per course syllabus

Lipids The Fats of life.

Lipids A Type of Organic Molecule -Fats, Oils, Waxes and Steroids.

A Family of Hydrophobic Macromolecules

Lipids (fats) Main Function: long-term energy storage

Objective: Students will be able to describe the unique characteristics of lipids. Students will demonstrate a property of lipids.

Lipids and Carbohydrates

FAT Dr Norhasmah Sulaiman Senior Lecturer

Unit 4: Cells 4.2 Lipids.

Examples of Lipids.

Organic molecules are the molecules in living things

Bioorganic Lipids 12/5/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160.

Presentation transcript:

Unit III: Biochemistry A. Biological Macromolecules B. Metabolism

Biological Macromolecules Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins (4. Nucleic Acids – not covered in this class)

What will we learn about each Macromolecule…. Structure and Function Metabolic Importance Nutrition and Medical Implications

Ch 15 Lipids

What are lipids? Group of molecules not defined by structure but by common characteristics non-polar, soluble in non-polar solvents like methylene chloride, gasoline, ether Not soluble in A polar solvent like water….

Types of Lipids 1. Fatty Acids 2. Fats and Oils 3. Waxes (structural recognition only) 4. Steroids 5. Phospholipids 6. Fat soluble Vitamins (know basics)

Lipids and Health BMI: Body Mass Index: Height vs weight Simple measure to label patients in rubrics ranging from underweight (anorexia/malnutrition…) to overweight (obese) how to measure BMI Blood Lipids: blood lipid panel measures cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides (heart attack risk?)

Blood Lipids Blood Lipids Blood Lipid Panels from Blood Tests

CAD- Coronary Artery Disease Lipid deposits clogging arteries in the body and heart CAD intro Risk Factors for CAD Hypertension, Diabetes, elevated cholesterol smoking sedentary lifestyle stress obesity male sex family history older age Type A personality

Monomer/Polymer of Triglycerides Monomer: Fatty acid, glycerol (phosphate) Macromolecule: Triglyceride (fats/oils), Phospholipids No true polymers….other lipid classes do not have a typical monomer/polymer relationship!!!

1. Fatty Acids Long chain hydrocarbons with a carboxylic acid on C#1 Opposite end is called the Omega end Know prefixes from 11 – 20 IUPAC: 12 – dodec: Dodecanoic Acid

Fatty Acids are…. Aliphatic molecules: hydrophobic (hydrocarbon) as well as hydrophilic (carboxyl) hydrophilic hydrophobic Hydrocarbon is longer/stronger makes molecule overall hydrophobic

Common names of 4 saturated Fatty Acids C12 – Dodecanoic Acid: Lauric Acid C14 – Tetradecanoic Acid: Myristic Acid C16 – Hexadecanoic Acid: Palmitic Acid C18 – Octadecanoic Acid: Stearic Acid Mnemonic: Lipids Make People Survive!

Lipids Make People Survive Fatty Acids to know… Lauric Acid (C12) Myristic Acid (C14) Palmitic Acid (C16) Stearic Acid (C18) Lipids Make People Survive

Types of Fatty Acid Saturated FA: only single bonds between Carbons Unsaturated FA: have some double bonds between Carbons a. trans double bonds

Unsaturated FA b: cis-double bonds Polyunsaturated FA: omega fatty acids alternating 2 single with 1 cis-double bds forms ‘omega’ like loops Carboxyl - omega end

Shapes of Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Physical Properties of Fatty Acids Saturated/Trans fatty Acids highest melting point (Ex: Stearic Acid: 69oC) Perfect alignment: high Van de Waals intermolecular attractions Trans fatty acids do not naturally exist, man made product Are the most stable fatty acids

Physical Properties of Fatty Acids Unsaturated fatty acids lower MP due to kinks: low Van de Waals (example Oleic Acid: MP 13oC) Less stable: double bonds can break! Fatty acid goes rancid… In nature all unsaturated FA have cis-bonds Cis-double bonds start either at omega-3 or omega 6 carbon

Physiologically Important Fatty Acid Metabolites 1. Omega 6 and 3 FA, are essential fatty acid: limited production in body, need to be absorbed from food 2. Arachidonic Acid AA C 20:4 Omega-6 FA Precursor for Prostaglandins PG

Prostaglandins - PG Hormone-like lipids with regulatory functions: PG1: heart rhythm, blood clotting, stomach lining PG2: inflammation

Why do we care?

Videos NSAID effect and side effect stomach side effect

Warm -up Draw in Kekule a Tridecanoic Acid Lauric Acid Octadecanoic Acid 1. Which one has the highest boiling pt? 2. Which one is also called stearic acid?

IUPAC of unsaturated Fatty Acids Ω C#1 C#18 α-C (first next to carboxyl) C 18 : 4n -3 C: 18 means its a Fatty Acid with 18 carbons 4n means it has 4 double bonds -3 means first double bond at Ω Carbons #3 Always draw FA from the omega end!!!

Draw C18:1n-6 C18:1n-6 trans C16:4n-3

Warm-up: Draw An ester between Decanol and Stearic acid What lipid class does the resulting molecule belong to?